Krashen's Theory of Second Language Acquisition 1.Learning is what many students experienced in high school or college foreign language classes.Learning is a coucious process that involves studying rules and vocabulary. 2Acquistion is subconscious.Students acquiring a language may not even be aware that they are picking up vocabulary or sentence structures.Acquisition occurs as students use language for a variety of purposes.

Learning Concious: We are aware we are learning It's what happens in school when we study rules and grammar.
Acquisition Subconcious: We are not aware we are acquiring It's what happens in and out of school when we recieve messages we understand.
Schumann's Theory of SLA It accounts for the psychological process of language development. Factors that contribute to social distance: Only limited integration of the two cultural group The minority group itself is large to be self-sufficient When the group is very tight-knit When the group has characteristics very different from those of the mainstream culture When the majority group has a negative attitude toward the minority group The learner intends to stay only a short time in the country
What is lateralization? Division of the left hemisphere of the brain and other functions tot he right hemisphere.This process begins at about age two.Children who acquire a second language before puberty usually speak the new language without an accent.Since people who learn a second language after puberty generally retain an accent,researchers have hypothesized that people are no longer able to acquire some aspects of language,such as the phonology,once the brain is lateralized and language is located in the left hemisphere.
Cognitive Factors According to Piaget, children who develop a second language with a nativelike pronunciation have not yet reached the formal operational stage(it happens at age 11 and it is at the point at which more abstract though is possible).Children in the concrete operational stage may be able to acquire the language without needing to analyze the structure of th language.
What is fossilization?How we help students overcome it? It's the prececence of certain kinds of errors that persist in the speech of adult second language learners.
Affective Factors 1.Adolecents or adults learning a second langauge may be more self-concious than children.Older learners may be hesitant to try out a new langauge for fear of appearing incompetent.Nervousness can be another factor.The idea of ego is related to general attitudinal factors.Older learners who acquire a SL and speak with little or no foreign accent are often people who are Americanized.
Advantages of bilingual programs over English immersion: When use appropriately,enhences English instruction by making the English more comprehensible. The instruction builds the necessary background for understanding lessons in the content areas given in English. Students in these programs more fully develop their first language.
Schauman also considered psychological factors,such as motivation,attitude,and culture shock.His concepts of social and psychological distance complement Krashen's theory.Social distance limits opportunities for students to receive the comprehensible input needed for acquisition.Psychological distance serves to raise the affective filter and prevent input from reaching the language acquisition device.

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Apunte sobre Chapter 2: Written and SLA - created from Mind Map, creado por madonayjc el 07/12/2013.