First Aid

difficulty speaking
difficulty breathing
sometimes difficulty coughing
turn pale and blue
universal sign

pregnant woman, obese person choking

unconcious after choking

cold skin
pale appearance
not breathing
shallow/ gasping respiration
unconcious
vomitting
wet

unnaturally fast breathing
dizziness
attention seeking behaviour
trembling or cramps in the hand or feet

constriction around neck
marks on neck
rapid, difficulty breathing, impaired conciousness, cyanosis
congestion of the face, prominent veins visible
tiny red dots on face or eyes

excessive coughing
wheezing
difficulty speaking
distress, anxiety
cyanosis

persistent chest pain/discomfort for 20+ mins
breathlessnes
nausea
dizziness, faintness, profuse sweating
pale, bluish skin
feeling of severe indigestion

DRSABC

dizziness, nausea, vomitting
brief or extended period of unconciousness
mild, generalised headache
confusion, temporary memory loss

diminishing conscious state
intense headache
noisy breathing, becoming slow
unequal pupil size
weakness/ paralysis of one side face/body
irritable or disoriented

bleeding on the head
laceration on head
stiff neck
nasal discharge

warm dry skin
rapid breathing
excessive thirst
frequent urination
drowsiness leading to unconciousness

weakness, faintness, hunger
confusion, irrational behavior
sweating, cold, clammy skin
deteriorating level of response over time

Facial weakness- drooping mouth/ eye
cannot smile evenly
can raise 1 hand only
unable to speak clearly
blurry vision, confusion
severe headache
dizziness, unsteadiness or sudden fall

pale, cold, clammy skin
sweating
rapid, shallow breathing
grayish blue skin
weakness, dizziness
nausea, vomiting, thirst

brief loss of consciousness
pale, cold skin, sweating

sudden unconsciousness
rigid, arching back
difficulty breathing
convulsive movements
saliva appearing on mouth

nausea, vomitting
abdominal pain
seizures
irregular, fast or slow heartbeat
altered consciousness

difficulty breathing
hypoxia
grey bluish skin

pain, swelling
redness, rash, itch

pain, redness and swelling at a part of body
blurred vision
nausea and vomiting
difficulty breathing
possible seizures
altered consciousness
allergy or shock

dog cat or bites

insect sting

scorpion sting and spider bite

snake bite

stings from marine creatures

red, itchy eyes or rash
swelling hands/ feet/ face
abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea
wheezing

red, itchy rash
red, itchy, watery eyes
swelling hands/ feet/ face
abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea

cut caused by sharp object

incision with jagged edges
caused by sharp objects that exerted blunt force and split the skin

superficial wound
top layers of skin scraped off
caused by sliding fall or friction burn

injury to soft tissue layers and vessels beneath the skin causing internal bleeding

skin is pierced with pointed object
skin closes around penetrating object
external bleeding not severe
carry high risk of infection and internal bleeding

portion of skin or other tissue partially or completely torn away
bleeding is significant

amputation

bleeding minor external wound

bleeding major external wound

major external bleeding with object

internal bleeding

nose bleeding

chemical exposure affecting eyes

blow to the eye

foreign particle in eye

symptoms of musculoskeletal injuries

severe pain
swelling and bruising around affected joint
deformity

pain and tenderness
difficulty in moving injured part
swelling and bruising

Cramps

changes in conscious state
severe pain or pressure in the head, neck or back
extreme tingling or loss of sensation
profuse external bleeding of head, neck or back
partial or full loss of movement of body parts
impaired breathing

dislocation or fracture

types of sling
1. dislocation of shoulder
2. upper arm fracture
3. lower arm fracture
4. collarbone fracture
5. finger fracture
6. elbow fracture

full thickness burns

superficial or partial thickness burn

electrical burn

chemical burn

muscle cramp
excessive sweating

fatigue, weakness, excessive sweating
nausea, dizziness
rapid, shallow breathing

restlessness, confusion
dizziness, discomfort
hot, flushed dry skin
body temp above 40 degrees C

pins-and-needles sensation
paleness, numbness
hardening and stiffening of skin
colour change to skin- black indicate gangrene

shivering, cold
pale, dry skin
disorientation
lethargy, impaired consciousness
shallow, slow breathing