PHOTOSYNTHESIS

Which part of the plant is the main photosynthetic structure?

What is the name of the cellular organelles within the leaf where photosynthesis takes place?

The leaf has many adaptations that make it suited to photosynthesis. One of these is a ______ surface area that collects as much sunlight as possible

Also, the arrangement of the leaves on the plant minimises ____________ and avoids the shadowing of one leaf by another

How is the fact that leaves are thin make them well adapted for photosynthesis?

A transparent _______ and epidermis that let light through to the photosynthetic mesophyll cells beneath

Long, narrow upper mesophyll cells packed with ____________ that collect ________

Numerous _______ for gaseous exchange

Stomata that open and close in response to _____ _________

Many ___ _______ in the lower mesophyll layer to allow diffusion of carbon dioxide and oxygen

A network of _____ that brings water to the leaf cells

______ that carries away sugars produced by photosynthesis

What are the three main stages to photosynthesis?

In the light DEPENDENT reaction, light energy is converted into what type of energy?

In the light INDEPENDENT reaction, the protons from the LD are used to _______ carbon dioxide to produce sugars and other organic molecules

What are the two distinct regions with a chloroplast?

What are the grana?

What stage of photosynthesis takes place in the grana?

Within the thylakoids is the photosynthetic pigment called...

What is the stroma and what stage of photosynthesis takes place there?

What other structures may be found in the stroma?

In how many ways is the light energy captured used in the light dependent reaction?

What are these ways?

What is used to split the water?

What name is given to this process?

When a substance is combined with oxygen it is called _________

When a substance is oxidised it loses ________

When a substance is ________ it gains electrons

In how many ways can something be oxidised/reduced?

Reduction

Oxidation

What happens when a chlorophyll molecule absorbs light energy?

These electrons are said to be in an ________ _____

In fact, the electrons become so energetic that they...

What are these electrons taken up by?

The chlorophyll molecule has become _________

The electron carrier has been _______

The electrons are now passed along a chain of electron carriers in a series of _________-_________ reactions

Where is this transfer chain located?

Why do electrons lose energy as they travel down the chain?

What is this energy used to do?

The loss of electrons when light hits the chlorophyll molecule leaves it short of electrons. What does this mean needs to happen?

Where are these electrons provided from?

What does this photolysis of water also produce?

What is the equation for the photolysis of water?

What are the protons taken up by?

What does NADP then become?

What does reduced NADP enter?

Why is the reduced NADP important for the plant?

What happens to the oxygen by-product of the photolysis of water?

The chloroplasts are adapted for their function in catching sunlight and carrying out the LD reaction. How?
(1. surface area)

How does the network of proteins in the grana make the chloroplasts well adapted?

The granal membranes have _________ attached to them, which help manufacture what?

Chloroplasts contain both ___ and _________ so they can quickly and easily manufacture some of the proteins needed for the LD reaction