BMB

What is cholesterol a precursor for?

What are the components of bile?

Where are bile acids stored?

Where are bile acids formed?

Name the two most important bile acids and their precursors

Why are bile salts referred to as detergents?

What is liver cholestasis?

What % of bile acids are reuptaken from the intestines into the liver, where does the rest go?

How is cholesterol lost from body?

What are gall stones?

Where is the main site of steroid hormone synthesis?

What enzyme is used in the formation of steroid hormones from cholesterol?

Name three categories of steroid hormones formed in the adrenal cortex

What is required for formation of vit D from cholesterol and how does it work?

How are lipids transported around the body?

What are lipoproteins composed of?

What is found in the core of a lipoprotein?

Where is unesterified cholesterol found in lipoproteins?

What is the largest, least dense lipoprotein?

List in order of density (high to low) the following: IDL, LDL, VLDL, HDL

What is the general function of chylomicrons and chylomicron remnants?

Why is B100 apoprotein specifically important?

What is the function of HDL?

What is the main cholesterol carrying lipoprotein?

Name the components of a chylomicron

What apoprotein activates lipoprotein lipase?

Where does the apoC-II and apoE on chylomicrons come from?

What effect does LPL have on chylomicrons? What is the resulting structure called?

Where does the FFAs go from TG breakdown in chylomicrons?

What happens to chylomicron remnants?

What are endogenous lipids?

What do VLDLs contain? Where are they packaged?

What enzyme breaks VLDL into IDL and how?

Where does the FFAs go from the break down of VLDL by LPL?

What two apoproteins are donated from HDL to both chylomicrons and VLDL?

What two fates can IDL have?

What is the desirable level of LDL in plasma?

What three places does cellular uptake of LDL occur?

Cellular uptake of LDL requires which apoprotein? What is the process of uptake called?

What two mechanisms do statins use to reduce cholesterol?

Name the three types of HDLs and their shapes

Pre-beta HDL acquires cholesterol and forms what?

Cholesterol in HDL3 has undergone what process and by what enzyme?

What apoprotein activates LCAT?

What is the action of CETP?

What is the fate of HDL2?

Does anabolic or catabolic pathways dominate in the fed state?

In the fed state describe the protein synthesis/breakdown cycle?

Does insulin promote the synthesis or degradation of proteins in the protein balance cycle?

What three hormones are increased in the catabolic phase?

Increase in the synthesis of what occurs in anabolism phase?

Breakdown of what occurs in the catabolism phase?

Where is insulin synthesised?

What is the half-life of insulin in the plasma?

What regulates insulin secretion?

What regulates glucagon synthesis?

What is insulin effect on AAs?

What is glucagon's effect on AAs?

What enters the pentose-P pathway in the liver? During what state? What does it form?

High acetyl CoA in the liver during the fed state can be converted/used in what?

What are TGs packaged into in the liver during the fed state?