DNA acts as a ____ for a sequence of amino acids that make up a proteins.

Where in a cell is DNA largely confined to?

Where in the cell does protein synthesis take place?

How is the DNA in the nucleus transferred to the cytoplasm where it is translated into proteins?

What are the types of RNA we study?

Which type of RNA transfers the DNA code from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and acts as a messenger?

mRNA is small enough to leave the nucleus through _______ _____

Each amino acid is coded for by a sequence of _ nucleotide bases

What name is given to this sequence?

What is meant when it is said that the code is 'degenerate'?

How many 'stop codons' are there?

What do stop codons mark?

Give an example of what is meant when the code is said to be 'non-overlapping'?

It is a _________ code - it is the same codon codes for the same amino acids in all organisms

RNA is made of a ______ nucleotide chain

Ribonucleic acid is a _______ made up of repeating mononucleotide sub-units

It forms a single strand in which each nucleotide is made up of:

Messenger RNA (mRNA) is a long strand arranged in a single helix. It is made when DNA makes a mirror ____ of part of one of its two strands

mRNA enters the __________ through nuclear pores

There it acts as a template upon which _______ are built

tRNA is relatively small and is made up of around how many nucleotides?

It is single stranded and folded into what shape?

One end of the structure extends. What is this the point of?

What is there at the opposite end of the tRNA molecule?

What is the anticodon?

What are the complementary base pairings?

DNA provides the instructions for protein synthesis in the form of a long sequence of ___________ and the bases they possess

A complementary section of part of this sequence is made in the form of a molecule called pre-mRN during a process called....

The pre-mRNA is _______ to form mRNA

The mRNA is used as a ______ to which complentary tRNA molecules attach and the amino acids they carry are linked to form a oolypeptide

What enzymes are involved in transcription?

What does DNA helicase do?

What does RNA polymerase do to one of these strands of DNA?

When does RNA polymerase detach from the DNA?

What has been successfully produced after RNA polymerase detaches?

What has to happen to the pre-mRNA before it leaves the nucleus?

Why is this?

Which name is given to the sections that do code for proteins?

Once the introns have been removed, the exons can ______ in a variety of combinations

This means that a single section of DNA (____) can code for up to a dozen different proteins

What are certain conditions such as Alzheimer's a result of?

Towards which organelle is the mRNA attracted to when it leaves the nucleus?

What part of tRNA varies?

At the other end of the tRNA molecule there is a point of attachment for an ______ ____

During __________, a ribosome becomes attach to the starting codon at one end of an mRNA molecule

A tRNA molecule with a _________ ______ _______ moves to the ribosome are pairs up with the mRNa

What does this tRNA molecule carry?

A tRNA molecule with a complementary anticodon to the next codon attaches, also carrying an amino acid. How are these amino acids joined?

When a third tRNA comes to join onto a codon, the first tRNA is ______

What is this tRNA molecule free to do?

This process continues until what is made?

How can many (up to 50) polypeptide chains be made simultaneously?

At what point is the polypeptide chain complete?