Halogenalkanes

4

Free Radicals are formed from the ❌ fission of a ❌ bond, often by UV light which provides enough energy to break the bond ❌. This gives each 'half' one electron each. It is these unpaired electrons which make Free Radicals ❌.

homolytic

heterolytic

covalent

dative

equally

unequally

so reactive

very unreactive

1

Boiling point increases with size and length of a haloalkane because:

2

Look at this equation where methane and chlorine are combined in the presence of UV light to form 1-chloromethane and hydrochloric acid.

Select the correct Propogation reaction(s).

2

Look at this equation where methane and chlorine are combined in the presence of UV light to form 1-chloromethane and hydrochloric acid.

Select the correct Termination reaction(s).

2

Look at this reaction in which methane and chlorine are combined in the presence of UV light to form 1-chloromethane and hydrochloric acid.

Select the correct Initiation reaction(s).

1

Look at this reaction in which methane and chlorine are combined in the presence of UV light to form 1-chloromethane and hydrochloric acid.
The bond enthalpy of Cl-Cl is +243 kJ mol-1.
The bond enthalpy of C-H is +413 kJ mol-1.

In the Initiation reaction, the covalent bonds in the ( chlorine, methane, 1-chloromethane, hydrochloric acid ) are more likely to be broken by the UV light because the ( Cl-Cl, C-H ) bond is much weaker than the ( C-H, Cl-Cl ) bond and ( easier, more difficult ) to break.

1

Select all features of a Nucleophile.

2

What makes a good nucleophile?

1

An atom/molecule/ion is only a nucleophile when is donates a pair of electons to an atom other than hydrogen, usually carbon.

1

Chlorofluorocarbons contain Hydrogen.

2

The alternatives to Chlorofluorocarbons are:

1

Chlorofluorocarbons are:

1

When you react a haloalkane with water, the products are:

1

When you react a haloalkane with potassium/sodium cyanide under reflux in an aqueous alcoholic solution, the products are:

1

When you react a haloalkane with an excess of ammonia in reflux under pressure, the products are:

2

When Ammonia reacts in excess with a haloalkane, it acts as a _ and then a _:

2

In the elimination of haloalkanes with alcoholic potassium/sodium hydroxide, the products are:

6

This question concerns reacting Potassium/Sodium Hydroxide with a Haloalkane.

With Water as a solvent, the Hydroxide Ions act as ❌. The reaction is therefore is ❌ and ❌ is formed. With Alcohol as a solvent, the Hydroxide Ions act as ❌. The reaction is therefore is ❌ and ❌ is formed.

To favour Substitution, the temperature needs to be ❌ and the Potassium/Sodium Hydroxide needs to be ❌ and ❌. To favour Elimination, the temperature needs to be ❌ and the Potassium/Sodium Hydroxide needs to be ❌ and ❌.

a Nucleophile

a Substitution

an Alcohol

an Electrophile

an Elimination

an Alkene

warm

dilute

aqueous

hot

concentrated

alcoholic

1

Ozone is ( an allotrope, an isomer, a variant ) of Oxygen.

1

A Primary Haloalkane is more likely to undergo a Substitution reaction than a Tertiary Haloalkane.

1

A Primary Haloalkane is more likely to undergo an Elimination reaction than a Tertiary Haloalkane.

3

Which of these contribute to the creation of the hole in the Ozone Layer?