Psychosis and the Enviroment

6 key environmental /social factors:

Can we assume causation?

1) POVERTY

How did the government redefine poverty?

What has evidence suggested that being at the lower range of socio-economic status can lead to?

examples of outcomes?

Moratlity rates and location?

Link between deprivation and psychosis
Wickham et al

Specific symtoms?
Wickham et al

*Why may this be?

Wilkinson and Picket (2008)

What happens when we look at social inequality and psychosis?

Burns and esterhuizen (2008)–

Genetic and social risk
Wick, hjern and dlaman (2010):

What are the underlying mechanisms/ explanations for this effect of social inequality on peoples well beings? .
Wilkinson & Pickett

*Michael Marmets work =

3) URBANICITY

Faris and Dunham’s (1939) famous study of Chicago;

Why?

Why may this not be the case????

• Pedersen and Mortensen (2001)

• Wiset et al
- cognitive functioning & urbaniciyu.

• Kirkbride et al (2012)

Population density?

4) Discrimination & Victimisation

Ethnic groups and psychosis:

x (2)

Is it just in the UK this is happening to ethnic groups?

(Boydell et al, 2001; Veling et al. 2008 ).

Skin colour and discrimantion
Veling et al (2007)

Worst in first generation or second?

Has victimization been specifically linked with paranoia or hallucinations?

Mirowski and Ross (1981)

Janssen et al. (2003),

Bullying & Psychosis?
Bebbington :

5) FAMILY

Niederland (1959) analysed the writings of Schreiber:

Attachment styles:

Separation and attachment styles:

(4studies)

Other big studies:
Mhyrman et al., 1996:

Morgan et al. (2007) - seperation from parents

Communication deviance;
Singer and Wynne (1965)

*ancy Docherty et al. (1994, 1998)

Expressed Emotion & Communication deviance.

Goldstein, 1998),

6) TRAUMA

l abuse and psychosis

Symtoms related to abuse?
Goodman et al., (1997

Important study:
Varese et al (2012)

Associations found between

hallucinations = ?
paranoia = ?

CRITICISMS OF THESE FINDINGDS OF TRAUMA:
Sussser and widom (2012

x ? Fisher.

× Sideli et al. (2012)

The gene environment interaction