In Flow Cytometry, cell size is measured as they pass through laser beams
Why is this area left?
Excludes cells with low CD45
Excludes small cells
Excludes cells too large to pass through
In Flow Cytometry, the Ig tested for varies depending on which cell you're measuring
For which cell would you use an alkaline reagent?
Eosinophils
Basophils
Monocytes
Normal range of W.B.C's is 4-11 (x10^7/l)
What is to be expected in a Settling test from a leukaemia patient?
Thinker plasma layer
Thicker buffy coat layer
Thicker erythrocyte layer
Why is a strong lysing solution added to a W.B.C count?
Remove R.B.C's
Remove platelets
Like R.B.C's, W.B.C's are counted using current impedence
What are the two populations (peaks) shown here?
Lymphocytes
Nutraphils
All others
What two things are mapped in D.I.F.F?
Size
Shape
Granularity
Markers
What cells are being pointed at on the graph?
Netraphils
Cellpack & Stromatolyers 3D do what?
Protect W.B.C's
Speed R.B.C's lysis
List some causes of Neutropenia
Overwhelming bacterial/viral/funal/parasitic infections
Anti-cancer drugs
Irradiation
Aplastic Anaemia
Chronic infection/inflammation and increased cytokinase can lead to high...
Basophilia is caused by
Leukaemias
Allergic recations
Eosinophilia is caused by allergic infections, parasitic infections and drug hypersensitivity
Name some causes of Lymhpocytopenia
AIDs
Carcinoma
Renal failure
Vigerous exercise/Smoking
Name the three tests done for any Leucocytic disorder
Flow Cytometry
Full blood count & DFF
NAP test
Paul Bunnell Test
Morphology
Why does Clonality indicate a severe pathology?
A single cell type is proliferating massively
Shows a lack of diversity across leucocytes
Shows massive infection
What markers do you test for when looking for Clonality?
Kappa/lambda markers
CD4/CD8
Alpha, beta & gamma
In AIDS, you perform flow cytometry for Kappa/Lambda markers
The Paul Bunnel test is done for...
Viruses
Fungi
Bacteria
Name the cause of Haematological Malignancies
Genetics
Drugs