Initiative vs. guilt in Erikson's stages of psychosocial development describes which early childhood crisis?
Children either succeed or fail in gaining a sense of self-rule over their actions and their bodies.
Children undertake new skills and activities and feel shameful when they do not succeed.
Children feel the need to be independent and separate from their parents and feel ashamed when they are not allowed to
Children develop a strong self-concept at ages _____ and is defined as ___________________.
1-4; an understanding of who they are, including self-esteem, physical appearance, personality, and gender.
7-12; a subjective emotional self-evaluation of their own worth and judgement towards their attitude and selves.
2-6; an understanding of who they are, including self-esteem, physical appearance, personality, and gender.
9-14; a subjective emotional self-evaluation of their own worth and judgement towards their attitude and selves.
What are examples of intrinsic motivation? Check all that apply.
Reading a fiction novel because they enjoy it
Running in a track meet to earn a reward
Cleaning their room to get their allowance
Learning a new piece of music because they think it's pretty
Going for a walk because it feels good to them
Writing a school paper to get into a good school
What are examples of extrinsic motivation? Check all that apply.
Working really hard on a paper to earn a good grade
Learning to play guitar because they like it
Playing an instrument in concerts to receive recognition or money
Organizing their schoolwork because it makes them feel good
Dressing cute because they like it
Keeping score in a game to win a trophy
Externalizing problems is when children don't have control over their emotions and unleash them on the world through anger or other uncontrollable bursts of emotion.
Internalizing problems happens when children have adequate control over their emotions and express them in a quieter way, rather than lashing out.
Authoritarian parenting is when parents are flexible with their children while still maintaining their authority. They listen to their children and have healthy discussions while still acting as their parents.
Permissive parenting is when parents are not very demanding and have few rules. They seem more like friends to their children than actual parents. They are also called indulgent.
Authoritative parenting is when parents are flexible with their children yet keep their authority. They do not allow their children to do everything and have rules but will discuss things with their children. They consider themselves guides, not dictators or friends. They are usually more warm and forgiving.
What are the four types of aggression? Check all that apply.
Instrumental aggression: used when the child wants something that they do not have but want
Physical aggression: (usually physical) used to inflict physical pain on someone else
Reactive aggression: used when a child is reacting or "fighting back" when being attacked
Relational aggression: (usually verbal) used to destroy a child's self-esteem and disrupt their social networks, becoming more hurtful as they age
Bullying aggression: used to dominate someone else
Silent aggression: used to make someone uncomfortable without words or actions
