CS101 Test 2

A is the smallest addressable unit in a computer

is the main circuit board of the system

or is electric circuitry responsible for interpreting and issuing instructions to the rest of the machine.

or does math functions and decision making by comparing values.

controls all the internal activities of the machine based on instructions it receives from programs.

super fast memory inside CPU, temporary holds locations, hold data, instructions, etc..

is a collection of wires through which data is transmitted from one part of a computer to another; data and instructions flow between the CPU, memory, and other parts of the computer.

part of CPU, holds data/ instructions that the CPU will work with immediately, holds results of the last processing step.

not part of CPU, an intermediary between the CPU and I/O devices, helps to avoid too much CPU idle time.

high speed RAM logically located between CPU and main memory, its purpose is to increase the speed at which data are accessed

divides a single problem into portions so that multiple processors work on their assigned portion of the task at the same time.

group of main commands that the CPU has, has two major software designs- RICS, and CISC, computer speed is also measured by the number of instructions completed per second or millions of instructions per second (MIPS).

access tome is how long it takes to access and retrieve data, it is listed in billions of seconds (nana seconds), the lower the number the faster the chip, when adding memory make sure speed of the chip is fast enough for CPU.

is a very simple scheme to check if one error occurred during transmission

calculations are performed by manipulating strings of beads, It's fast, inexpensive, portable, non-electric.

french mathematician, invented first adding machine.

expanded Pascals calculator, all digits of a number could be entered at once.

invented an attachment for the mechanical loom weaving cloth, recognized the design followed a fixed, repetitive pattern, punch holes in cards to control the loom's threads.

father of modern computers, designed machine to calculate the tables accurately and automatically, special purpose machine.

mathematician, developed problem solving instructions, 1st programmer.

Dr. John V. Atanasoff and Clifford Berry designed and build the first electronic digital computer

Germany 1st developed computer prototype

England developed 1st practical single purpose electronic computer to break German codes; Harvard Univarsity computer called Mark 1

ENIAC-18,000 vacuums, had to be rewired to change the program (hard wired), the program is not stored in memory.

generation computer (1951-1958), vacuum tube technology, punched card or magnetic stripe, machine langauage, magnetic core (UNIVAC 1, IBM 650

generation computer (1959-1964) transistor, solid-state technology, punched card or magnetic stripe, assembly language and some machine language, magnetic core.

generation computer (1965-early 1970's) Integrated circuit technology, silicon chips, large scale integration, punch cards, magnetic tape, magnetic disk, magnetic core with some semiconductor memory.

generation computer very large scale integration, microprocessor chip, magnetic disk and floppy disk, high level language, user friendly software, semiconductor memory.

generation computer artificial intelligence, vocie recognition, parallel processing, quantum computation, natural language, self learning.

1st personal computer, Ed Roberts, kit that you put together for hobbyist.

Apple 1, Steve jobs and Stephen Wozniak, Non-hobbyist

IBM, personal computer (PC)

SW designed to perform calculations and has the appearance of a ledger, 1st released in 1979, a table that consist of columns (letters) and rows (numbers) which make up calls.

the file you work with and store data, has multiple pages.

the individual pages.

is a formula that refers to the cell that the formula is in or causes a circle to form in formulas.