Which of the following is a function of a smooth mucle?
communication
production of body heat
constriction of organs and vessels
respiration
What type of connective tissue surrounds individual muscle fibers?
epimysium
perimysium
muscular fascia
endomysium
what is the plasma membrane of a muscle fiber called?
sarcoplasm
sarcomere
sarcolemma
myofibrils are formed from _________ that are joined end to end.
actin myofilaments
sarcomeres
myosin myofilaments
sarcolemmas
The thick filament is also known as the _______________ myofilament?
myosin
titin
actin
troponin
which molecule covers the active site on the G actin?
tropomyosin
m line
which molecule has a binding site for calcium?
which of the following in NOT a part of the myosin molecule?
rod
M line
hinge region
head
the A band is made up of
myosin and titin
Z disk and actin
M line and Z disk
actin and myosin
the structural and functional unit of skeletal muscle is the
sarcolemme
actin myofilament
myosin myofilament
What shortens during the sliding filament model of muscle contraction?
H Zone, A band, and sarcomere
10 bands, 50 bands, 100 bands, fk it man, lets just not even discuss it man
sarcomere, H zone, and I band
A band, I band, and H zone
The binding of acetylcholine to a ligand-gated channel will allow ______ to enter the muscle fiber
calcium ions
potassium ions
sodium ions
All of the choices are correct
which of the following is NOT part of a neuromuscular junction?
motor end-plate
presynaptic terminal
sarcoplasmic reticulum
synaptic cleft
by what process does acetylcholine move to the postsynaptic membrane?
active transport
endocytosis
exocytosis
osmosis
what is the direct cause of the release of calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum?
ACH binding to the recepton of the Na+ gated channel
calcium being released into the presynaptic terminal
the action potential traveling into the T tubules
potassium flowing out of the postsynaptic membrane
what is ATP directly used for in cross-bridge movement of myosin?
Attachment of the myosin head to the active site of actin
the power stroke of the myosin head
the release of the myosin head from the actin
all are correct
which of the following is NOT an event that occurs during the lag phase of a muscle twitch?
ACH diffuses across the synaptic cleft
the action potential travels down the T tubules
cross-bridges between actin and myosin are formed
calcium ions bind to troponin
how does the body respong to an increase in body temperature due to exercise?
shivering
decreased muscle contractions
dilation of skin blood vessels and sweating
slower respiration
what causes muscle hypertrophy?
an increase in the number of muscle fibers
fibers increase the number of myofibril and sarcomere
skeletal muscle cell nuclei divide
sensory receptors and nerves make up the
Peripheral nervous system
enteric nervous sustem
autonomic nervous system
central nervous system
a bundle of axons and their connective tissue sheaths are called
receptors
nerves
ganglia
effectors
the enteric nervous system involves the
respiratory system
urinary sytem
cardiovascular system
digestive system
what organelle in the neuron is the primary site of protein synthesis
rough ER
smooth ER
nucleolus
nissl substance
neurotransmitters are found in the
dendritic spines
Presynaptic terminals
trigger zone
soma
which of the following is NOT a functional classifications of neurons
interneuron
Bipolar neuron
sensory neuron
motor neuron
most sensory neurons are
Unipolar
multipolar
bipolar
tripolar
which of the following neuroglia are NOT found in the CNS
schwann cells
oligodendrocytes
astrocytes
ependymal cells
which type of neuroglial cells are responsible for the formation of the blood-brain barrier
which type of neuroglial cells respond to inflammation and are phagocytic
microglial
the oligodendrocytes form
the blood brain barrier
The myelin sheath around CNS axons
the myelin sheath around PNS axons
cerebrospinal fluid
groups of cell bodies and nonmyelinated axons form
gray matter
white matter
nerve tracts
collections of myelinated axons in the CNS are called
nuclei
which of the following is NOT found in high concentration outside of a nerve cell
Na+
Cl-
Ca2+
K+
what type of membrane channels are nongated and responsible for the permeability of the membrane at rest?
Na-K pump
Leak Channels
ligand gated ion channels
volatge gated ion channels
which of the following is NOT true about changes in the membrane potential
an increase in the movement of potassium out of the cell creates a hyperpolarization
an increase in the movement of calcium ions into the cell creates a hyperpolarization
an increase in the movement of sodium ions into the cell causes depolarization
an increase in the movement of chloride ions into the cell causes hyperpolarization
the continued movement of potassium ions out of the cell through open voltage-gated K+ channels is called
polarization
depolarization
Repolarization
hyperpolarization
complete insensitivity to additional stimuli, no matter how strong is called the
absolute refractory period
threshold period
relative refractory period
all or none principle
which of the following is NOT part of a chemical synapse
connexons
postsynaptic terminal
what type of summation occurs when two action potentials arrive in close succession at the presynaptic terminal that add together to produce an action potential
temporal summation
excitatory summation
spatial summation
oscillating summation
a neuron pathway with many presynaptic neurons synapsing with one postsynaptic neuron is called a
oscillating circuit
convergent pathway
parallel pathway
divergent pathway
which of the following is NOT a part of the study of anatomy
the structure of body parts
predicting the body's responses to stimuli
microscopic organization
the relationship between structure and function
which anatomical body region is NOT matched with its common name
brachial- arm
pectoral- chest
coxal- hip
crural- ankle
which of the following is NOT true about isotopes
isotopes are two or more forms of the same element
isotopes have different atomic numbers
isotopes have different mass numbers
some isotopes are radioactive
the folding or bending of the polypeptide chain into an alpha-helix or beta-pleated sheet held by hydrogen bonds is the _________ structure of a protein
primary
secondary
tertiary
quaternary
in a solution of sugar and water, which of the following is true?
sugar is the solvent and water is the solution
sugar is the solute and water is the solvent
sugar is the solvent and water is the solute
sugar and water are both getting turnt tonighttttt
the use of protein molecules to move non-lipid soluble molecules and ions through the plasma membrane is called
simple diffusion
lysis
mediated transport
what type of cell is found in cartilage
fibroblast
osteocyte
chondrocyte
osteoclast
which of the following is NOT a type of internal body membrane
synovial membrane
serous membrane
cutaneous membrane
mucuous membrane
which is the correct sequence of the strata of the epidermis from deep to superficial? 1. Stratum Lucidum 2. Stratum basale 3. stratum corneum 4. stratum granulosum 5. stratum spinosum
3 1 4 5 2
1 2 3 4 5
2 5 4 1 3
4 2 3 1 5
the formation of bone by osteoblasts is called
ossification
osteogenesis
resorption
both ossification and osteogenesis
the elevated ridges of tissue on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres are known as __________ while the shallow grooves are termed _______
sucli: gyri
gyri: sucli
ganglia: gyri
tracts: ganglia
a stroke in the primary motor area has caused Austin to lose control over his skeletal muscles on the right side of his body. What lobe of his brain was damaged?
occipital lobe
temporal lobe
frontal lobe
parietal lobe
Kegen has a brain injury: she knows what she wants to say but cant vocalize the words. the part of her brain that deals with the ability to speak is the
longitudinal fissure
gyrus
central sulcus
Broca's area
the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata are housed in the
armpit
hypothalamus
brain stem
pineal gland
which lobe contains the primary motor area and enables the voluntary control of skeletal muscle movements
the pituitary gland is most closely associated with the
thalamus
midbrain
the area of the brain stem that plays a role in consciousness and the sleep/wake cycles is the
reticular activating system
limbic system
control of temperature, endocrine activity, metabolism, and thirst are functions associated with the
medulla oblongata
cerebellum
the vital centers for the control of visceral activities such as heart rate, breathing, blood pressure, swallowing, and vomiting are located in the
pons
cerebrum
loss of muscle coordination results from the damage to the
which one of the following represents the correct sequence from the outermost to innermost layers of the meninges
dura: arachnoid: pia
pia: arachnoid: dura
arachnoid: dura: pia
dura: spider: pia
the cerebrospinal fluid
is secreted by the arachnoid villa
enters the four ventricles after filling and circulating through the subarachnoid space
is secreted mostly by the ependymal cells lining the brain ventricles
is continually formed mostly by the choroid plexuses
the gray matter of the spinal cord
surrounds the central canal
contains myelinated fiber tracts
is made up of the dorsal, lateral, and ventral columns
surrounds the white matter of the spinal cord
which one of the following is the correct sequence in connective tissue sheaths, going from outermost to innermost layer
epineurium, endoneurium, perineurium
epineurium, perineurium, endoneurium
perineurium, epineurium, endoneurium
perineurium, endoneurium, epineurium
who is the coolest cat of them all, not including Brennan
Josten
Kegen
Lindsey
Austin
which of the following is NOT true of skeletal muscle
long, cylindrical fibers
multiple nuclei
totally under involuntary control
has striations
what type of connective tissue surrounds bundles of muscle fibers to create the muscle fascicles
what is the plasma membrane of a muscle fiber called
myofibrils are formed from __________ that are joined end to end
which molecule covers the active site on the G actin
the H zone is where
there is only actin
there is only myosin
there is only the Z disk
there is only titin
what shortens during the siding filament model of muscle contraction
H zone, A band, and sarcomere
A band, I band, and sarcomere
sarcomere, H zone, I band
there are ________ pairs of cranial nerves and _________ pairs of spinal nerves
31, 12
12, 25
13, 31
12, 31
urinary system
which subdivision of the autonomic nervous system regulates resting or vegetative functions
parasympathetic
enteric
somatic
sympathetic
the area of the neuron cell body that generates the action potential is the
dendritic spine
none of the choices are correct
what produces cerebrospinal fluid
arachnoid granulations
dural sinuses
choroid plexuses
pia mater
what type of fibers connect areas of the cerebral cortex within the same hemisphere
association fibers
commissural fibers
projection fibers
cerebral penducles
what structure separates the frontal from the parietal lobe
transverse fissure
lateral fissure
raised folds on the surface of the cerebrum are called
gyri
sulci
fissures
lobes
which of the following is NOT a function of the hypothalamus
body temperature control
autonomic nervous system control
mood and emotions
all of them
all sensory impulses except for smell are relayed through the
epithalamus
subthalamus
which of the following is NOT part of the diencephalon
the white matter of the cerebellum is called the
folia
cerebellar penducles
arbor vitae
vermis
which of the following is NOT part of the brainstem
the connective tissue wrap that surrounds many fascicles to form a nerve is the
epineurium
perineurium
endoneurium
dermaneurium
which of the following is the correct sequence of structures in a reflex arc
effector organ, motor neuron, interneuron, sensory neuron, sensory receptor
interneuron, sensory neuron, motor neuron, sensory receptor, effector organ
sensory receptor, sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron, effector organ
sensory receptor, sensory neuron, motor neuron, interneuron, effector organ