GIT the intestine

What may cause a physical intestinal obstruction?

What may cause an extrinsic intestinal obstruction

What may cause a functional obstruction of the intestines?

What is paralytic ileus?

what happens to the intestines of an animal with paralytic ileus?

What else can cause intestinal obstruction?

what is grass sickness and who does it affect?

Consequence of intestinal obstruction

What can happen with an intestinal obstruction which is particularly catastrophic?

The higher the obstruction the more _______

Describe what occurs in acute upper intestinal obstruction

What happens to the intestine as it dilates due to the accumulation of fluid and gas?

What compensation mechanism occurs to for loss of electrolytes and water

What alteration in blood chemistry do you see as a result of acute upper intestinal obstruction

How does an obstruction lower in the SI or colon compare?

What happens when you get obstruction due to strangulation?

What does volvulus involve?

What does vovulus do to the intestines?

Volvulus is quiet common in?

Describe intestinal torsion

What does a intestinal torsion result in?

Redgut

What species is it seen in?

What predisposes to redgut?

What causes red gut?

what does red gut lead to?

describe Intussception

What is intussception a cause of in horses?

What may predispose to intussception?

describe enventration

What may cause enventration?

Describe Internal hernia

What may cause a diaphragmatic hernia?

External hernia

What may occur to herniated organs or tissues?

name 3 types of external hernias?

Another name for intestinal lipofuscinosis

What is brown bowel disease?

What may brown bowel disease be associated with?

What is rectal prolapse associated with?

what may cause rectal prolapse in pigs?

and what may be seen concurrently?

Digestion and absorption depend on?

What structural features increase SA of the intestines?

What primary function does the SI have?

What is the principle function of the colon?

What does irritation to the intestinal mucosa result in?

What kind of inflammatory reaction is an enteritis initially?

What effect does enteritis have on villi?

What exacerbates this increased exfoliation?

What may be the problem with remaining cells covering the villi?

What diseases cause necrosis of villus epithelial cells?

What happens when there is necrosis of villus epithelial cells?

Which diseases cause necrosis of epithelium in the crypts?

What happens when there is epithelial necrosis of crypt cells?

Summarize the two main reasons villi become stunted with enteritis

What do changes in the intestinal mucosa lead to?

Aside from malabsorption, what else can cause loss of protein, water and electrolytes?

what are two consequences of enteritis?

What else can enteritis cause changes to?

what change in the peristaltic way can give rise to _____

2 clinical signs of malabsorption and maldigestion?

What is maldigestion commonly caused by?

malabsoprtion aoocurs as a result of?

What test could help you diagnose a malabsorption/digestion syndrome?

Why may albumin be decreased?

What 4 things may cause a protein losing enteropathy?

Why may you test Vit B12/folate?

What sample so you take to test vitamin B12 and folate?

What other lab signs may you find in an animal with chronic GI disease?

What is typilitis?

What disease is characterised by a primary colitis?

What does dysentery mean?

What may cause a chronic enterocolitis?

compare chronic enteritis to chronic colitis

What causes chronic ileitis?

and what kind of inflammation is it?

At what age does rotavirus affect animals?

What does rotavirus cause?

How do you diagnose rotavirus?

At what age does coronavirus infect animals?

What does coronavirus cause?

Which coronavirus has 100% mortality and which species does it infect?

How do you diagnose coronavirus?

How does FIP arise?

FIP virus lives lives inside and controls which cells?

Where do FIP infected macrophages attack?

what do FIP infected macrophages cause?
(hint: there are two forms of FIP)

Can you distinguish histiolocigcally between the two forms of FIP?

histiological lesions?

Name 5 gross lesions of Parvo

Where does parvovirus replicate?

and what does it cause?

What does necrosis of the villus epithelium in parvo puppies cause?

What are parvo animals susceptible to?

What form of parvo is very rare now?

What does distemper cause?

Hog cholera- whats another name?

What gross lesions does CSF cause?

What disease has similar intestinal lesions to CSF?

Important pathogenic strains of E.coli in pigs and ruminants?

Name the 5 pathogenic strains of E.coli

What do enterotoxogenic strains cause?

What do enteropathogenic stains cause?

What do enterohaemorrhagic forms cause?

What do vertoxic strains cause?

What predisposes to oedema disease?

Who does oedema disease effect?

Why do pigs infected with verotoxic E.coli get oedema?

What else may you see in oedema disease?

What are Slamonella infection associated with?

Give examples

What age group does salmoneela affcet?

Salmonella in horses causes?

salmonella in older horses causes?

In calves salmonella causes?

In older cattle salmonella causes?

In sheep, S.brandenburg causes?

In pigs, S.typhimurium causes?

In pigs, S.choleraesius causes?

Describe the histologic lesion of enteric listeriosis

What predisposes to yersinia?

Who does the disease most commonly affect?

What are the gross lesions of yersinia?

What gross lesions do you see in calves, lambs and goats?

How do you diagnose yersinia?

What do you see on histopathology of yersinia?

What bacteria causes Johnes?

Who does Johnes affect?

What do clinically affected cattle present with?

Gross lesions of Johnes?

Where do intestinal lesions tend to be centered?

What are histiological lesions of Johnes characterized by?

What does a Ziehl-Neelson stain reveal in an animal with Johnes?

how do you diagnose Johnes?

What disease does lawsonia intracellularis infection cause?

What are the three forms of PPE?

Where do lawsonia lesions tend to be centered?

What lesion do you see with the adenomatosis form?

What may PIA be complicated by?

How do you diagnose Lawsonia infection?

What is the disease name of spirochaetal colitis in pigs?

What organ does swine dysentery affect?

What do pigs with swine dysentery present with?

Where does the bacteria invade and what does it do?

How do you diagnose swine dysentery?

What does Rhodococcus equi cause in foals?

Where are rhodococcus equi bacteria normally found?

how do you diagnose?

what do you see?

What do clostridial perfringes infections cause?

Who do enteric clostridial infections affect?

What happens if does get enteric clostridial disease?

How do you confirm a diagnosis?

What are DDX of enteric clostridial infections in dogs?

what do all of these have in common?

What disease is caused by clostridium piliforme?

What is Tyzzers disease characterized by?

What two protozoal species cause coccidiosis?

What age group does coccidiosis affect?

What do stages of the protozoa do int he animal?

How do animals with coccidoiosis present?

How do you diagnose coccidia?

What does E.zurenii cause in cattle?

What is the name of the disease cause by E.zuernii?

What does E.bovis cause?

What does isopora cause in pigs?

Which cells do cryptosporidia attack?

how doe cryptosporidium present?

and in which animals/age group?

What worm lives in the large intestine of cattle and pigs?

Which worms live in the SI of cattle?

What worm lives in teh SI of sheep?

What worm lives in the SI of pigs?

What worm lives in teh caecum of pigs?

Which 2 worms live in the SI of horses?

What 3 worms live in the LI of horses?

What worms do you see in the SI of dogs and cats?

What worm do you see in the LI of dogs/cats?

Which species do you most commonly see small intestinal carcinomas in?

What is the gross appearance of small intestinal carcinomas?

Why are they firm?

What age category do they affect?

Which breed are small intestinal carcinomas more prevelant in?