The primitive streak begins at the cranial end and progresses towards the caudal end. The epiblast cells of the primitive streak form a node and displace the hypoblast to give rise to endoderm.
Both true
First true, second false
First false, second true
Both false
Which of the following is correct?
The oropharyngeal membrane becomes the stomodeum
The cloacal membrane will become the anus
cells at the node move posteriorly to form the notochord
all of the above
only the ones about membranes
Which of the following are derivatives of the neural crest cells?
odontoblasts
craniofacial skeleton
adrenal medulla
all of the choices
adrenal medulla and odontoblasts
Noggin, chordin, and follistatin are secreted by the dorsal mesoderm/notochord. They serve as inhibitors of BMP4 of the neural plate to convert ectoderm into neural tissue.
Which of the following is incorrectly matched?
anterior pituitary from Rathke's pouch
melanocytes from neural crest
dentine of teeth from neural crest
these are all right.
facial cartilage from neural crest
Neural tube closure is initiated at the future midbrain and closure goes in both directions. The order of formation is elevation, folding, convergence, closure.
Cranial NC is derived from hindbrain, does craniofacial skeletal elements
Sacral NC becomes parasympathetic enteric ganglia of the gut
Vagal NC becomes parasympathetic enteric ganglia of the gut
All of the things
Vagal and Cranial
Which of the following is incorrect?
DiGeorge has a large deletion in Tbx1 from large deletion in chromosome 22
Hirschsprung has mutations in Sox10 and Endothelin receptor B causes megacolon, pigmentation defects, and deafness
Treacher Collins involves mutations in TCOF1 leading to small jaws, cleft palate, and defects of the middle and external ear
none, it's all good.
Neurocristopathies are defects specifically of the neural crest cells themselves
The trigeminal placode includes the opthalmic ganglia. The epibranchial placode includes the geniculate, petrosal, and nodose ganglia which are all associated with CN10.
