Which of the following is correctly matched?
sclerotome...tendons
syndetome...cartilage
sclerotome...bones
just sclerotome choices
all of these choices
The dorsal component of the lateral plate mesoderm forms somatic mesoderm which will give rise to skeletal muscles of the limbs. The ventral component becomes splanchnic mesoderm which will form the muscles and connective tissues of digestive and respiratory tracts
Both true
First true, second false
First false, second true
Both false
Bones of the neurocranium include the parietal, occipital, and the temporal bone. Bones of the viscerocranium include the maxilla, zygomatic, lacrimal, and temporal bone.
The intervertebral disc is made of the annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus. The spinal nerves will resection the sclerotomes such that each vertebrae is made from a cranial and caudal portion of different but adjacent sclerotomes.
Phocomelia is the absence or abnormal development of limbs such that they are either absent or the long bones are shortened with missing proximal elements. This is commonly caused by maternal use of thalidomide for treating morning sickness.
The Zone of Polarizing Activity determines the pattern of digit formation. Anterior transplantation of ZPA causes syndactyly.
The specification of the gut tube is initiated by a gradient of retinoic acid which will affect expression of transcription factors. The foregut extends to the liver bud and includes the esophagus, stomach, duodenum, and jejunum.
Both fase
The liver arises during the 4th week from the hepatic diverticulum into the mesenchyme which will induce the endoderm to form the glandular epithelium of the liver. FGF2 and BMP secreted by cardiac mesoderm allows the formation of liver tissue.
The notochord promotes pancreas development by secreting SHH in the endoderm. The pancreas begins as ventral and dorsal outgrowths which will eventually fuse at the 5th month.
Retinoic acid produced by the mesoderm induces the development of lung buds. The splanchnic mesoderm of the foregut also develops into the cartilaginous, muscular, and connective tissue components of the trachea and lungs.
Which of the following is true regarding subdivisions of the mesoderm at the end of neurulation?
intermediate mesoderm is mesial to the paraxial mesoderm
chorda mesoderm is distal to the paraxial mesoderm
the lateral plate mesoderm is distal to the chorda mesoderm
chorda mesoderm is between the neural tube and the paraxial mesoderm
paraxial mesoderm is in between the lateral plate mesoderm and the intermediate mesoderm
