Users of bisphosphonates may experience necrosis of the mandible. Inability to open or close the mouth can come from habitual subluxation, tetanus, or fractures.
T/T
T/F
F/T
F/F
Swallowing comes in three phases and the two phases beyond the oral cavity are under involuntary control by the vagus. Achalasia is typically caused by damage to the nerves of the esophagus causing reduced relaxation and therefore less food passing into the stomach.
Which of the following is correctly matched?
Depression: medial pterygoid, suprahyoid, infrahyoid
Contralateral excursion- masseter, temporalis
Retrusion- lateral and medial pterygoids
Elevation- masseter, anterior vertical temporalis, medial pterygoid
Ipsilateral excursion- lateral and medial pterygoids
Which of the following is correct?
anterior teeth have the greatest biting force
Subluxation is an open lock which can be fixed with forward and upward movement
habitual subluxation can occur during movements within the normal range possibly due to loose ligaments
favorable fractures involve an open reduction
none of the above
The pharyngeal phase of swallowing involves the soft palate moving back and the vocal cords moving into apposition. The epiglottis moves from a horizontal position into a vertical one.
The reticular center of the brainstem is involved in the gag reflex. The medulla is involved in the chewing reflex.
