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What is the subject of Articulatory Phonetics?
sound waves
perceiving of sound
production of sound
What is the subject of Acoustic Phonetics?
perception of sound
What is the subject of Auditory Phonetics?
What are Articulators?
Way to pronounce vocals
People who check others pronunciation and correct them, if necessary
Parts of the vocal apparatus, which are involved in speech production.
A scientific method to analyze ones pronunciation.
What are active articulators?
tongue
upper teeth
lips
lower jaw
hard palate
Articulators can be split into two groups: active and passive articulators.
When is a speech sound voiced?
When the vocal folds are drawn together, the air from the lungs repeatedly pushes them apart as it passes through, creating a vibrating effect.
When the vocal folds are spread apart, the air from the lungs passes between them unimpeded.
What's a voiceless sound?
[s] in Sue
[z] in zoo
Place of articulation
used to describe sounds
denote the place of articulation of the sound
location inside the mouth at which the constriction of the passing air takes place
What means 'bilabial'?
Sound formed using both upper and lower lips
slightly further back than the alveolar sounds, between the hard palate and the alveolar ridge
sound produced with the back of the tongue against the velum
sound formed with the upper teeth and the lower lip.
'labiodental'?
slightly further back than the alveolar sounds- between the hard palate and the alveolar ridge
sound formed with the upper teeth and the lower lip
sound produced with the tongue and the palate
'palato-alveolar'?
sound produced without the active use of the tongue and other parts of the mouth and an open glottis
'palatal'?
formed with the tongue tip behind the upper front teeth
'velar'?
'glottal'?
sound formed with the front part of the tongue on the alveolar ridge
Manner of articulation includes:
Plosives
Nasals
Affricatives
Flaps
Approximant
Glottal stop
Fricative
"by the tongue tip tapping the alveolar ridge"?
Flap
Nasal
"almost stop of the air stream and air push through the very narrow opening"?
Affricative
Plosive
"sound produced by stopping the air stream then letting it go abruptly"?
"a combined brief stopping of the air stream with an obstructed release which causes some friction"
"orally produced sound; when the velum is lowered and the air stream flows out through the nose"?
Criteria to describe Monophthong - vowels?
Vowel length (short, long)
Height (low, mid, high)
Voicing (voiceless, voiced)
Tongue position (front, central, back)
Position of lips (rounded vs. unrounded/apart)
Are Monophthonges simple vowels with no change in quality?
Which answers are correct regarding Diphthonges?
vowel sound where there is a change in auditory quality within a single syllable
vowels with no change in quality
They have a starting point and an end point.
You can differ between Closing and Opening Diphthonges
You can differ between Closing and Centering Diphtonges
Which Diphthonges end in the high vowel? What are examples for them?
Closing Diphthonges
Centering Diphtonges
ei, ai
au, ou
Centering vowels?
end in the high vowel
end with a central vowel
only in RP (=Received Pronunciation, only in BE)
What does Received Pronunciation mean?
RG describes the standard accent of BE
RG describes the standard accent of North American English (NAE)
What is the study of the abstract categories that organize the sound system of a language?
Phonetics
Phonology
What are the segmental aspects of Phonology?
Features of pronunciation in a syllable
Function of individual sounds in a language
What are the suprasegmental aspects of Phonology?
Which sentences are correct?
Phoneme is a physical realization of a sound (f.i. the difference voiced or voiceless of the phoneme)
Phoneme is the smallest meaning-distinguishing unit in a language, by adding + or - it can be further described
Phone is a physical realization of a sound (f.i. the difference voiced or voiceless of the phoneme)
Phone is the smallest meaning-distinguishing unit in a language, by adding + or - it can be further described
Which statements are correct?
Allophones are phonetically similar phones of a phoneme that do not distinguish meaning and are “regarded” as the same sound.
Allophones are constraints on the sequence or position of English phonemes. There are definite patterns in the types of sound combinations permitted in a language. The constraints operate on the syllable level.
Phonotactics are constraints on the sequence or position of English phonemes. There are definite patterns in the types of sound combinations permitted in a language. The constraints operate on the syllable level.
Phonotactics are phonetically similar phones of a phoneme that do not distinguish meaning and are “regarded” as the same sound.
pat - bat- pet --> What is this?
A minimal pair
A minimal set
Neither
Aspiration is the puff of air, an aspirated phone is written with a raised a
Aspiration is the puff of air, an aspirated phone is written with a raised *
Aspiration is the puff of air, an aspirated phone is written with a raised h
Aspiration is the puff of air, an aspirated phone is written with a raised '
The effect of the nasal consonant on a vowel is called...
Nazalisation
Nasalization
Nasalisation
Naselization
Nasallization
Nasalizetion
What is a Minimal pair?
feed read
bat pat
two words with identical form except for a contrast in one phoneme occurring in the same position that changes the meaning
two words with identical form except for a contrast in two phonemes that changes the meaning
A minimal set is a group of words that can be differentiated by changing two phonemes in the same position
A minimal set is a group of words that can be differentiated by changing one phoneme in the same position
What does [p'] mean?
It is a released consonant, the release of the air being built up
It is a unreleased consonant, there is no release of the air pressure
Which one is right?
Complementary distribution= two sounds which are distributed in such a way that one can only occur where the other cannot occur
Complementary distribution= two sounds which are distributed in such a way that one can only occur where the other occurs
Free variation means...
The user/speaker consciously chooses between two allophones
The user/speak unconsciously chooses between two allophones
Which is right?
Neutralization means, a contrast between phonemes becomes invisible
Final devoicing means, a voiced phoneme having a unvoiced allophone in word-final position
Neutralization means, a voiced phoneme having an unvoiced allophone in word-final-position
Final devoicing means, a contrast between phonemes becomes invisible
A syllable contains...
onset
nucleus
coda
rhyme
A rhyme contains...
What is a syllabic consonant?
A consonant that occupies the central part of the syllable. In phonetic transcription you mark them with a . under them.
A consonant that occupies the first part of the syllable. In phonetic transcription you mark them with a . under them.
A consonant that occupies the last part of the syllable. In phonetic transcription you mark them with a . under them.
What is a open syllable?
The syllable misses the coda
The syllable misses the onset
The syllable misses the nucleus
The syllable has the onset and nucleus
The syllable has the nucleus and coda
The syllable has the onset and coda
A closed syllable...
has got a coda and onset
has got a coda, onset and nucleus
has got neither of the three
has got only the coda
Vowel epenthesis means the insertion of a vowel into syllables
Consonant cluster: the onset or the coda consists of more than one consonant.
CC means...
the 2nd position must be a liquid or a glide
the 1st consonant is a /s/, followed by a voiceless stop and a liquid or glide
CCC is...
process of not pronouncing a sound segment that might be present in the deliberately careful pronunciation of a word in isolation?
Coarticulation
Elision
Assimilation
process making one sound almost at the same time as the next sound?
two sound segments occur in sequence and some aspect of one segment is taken by the other?
What is right?
Syllabification = assigning syllable structure to words
Syllabification = assigning syllable structure to sentences
There is the maximal onset principle
There is the minimal onset principle
There is the phonology sequencing principle
There is the sonority sequencing principle
Which principle is described: we prefer to syllabify consonants in an onset rather than in a coda -> as many consonants as possible end up in an onset
The maximal onset principle
The sonority sequencing principle
Which principle is described: it claims that sounds preceding the nucleus must rise in sonority and sounds following the nucleus must fall in sonority
the maximal onset principle
the sonority sequencing principle
Weak syllables...
contain full vowels and are unstressed
contain weak vowels and are unstressed
contain full vowels and are stressed
contain weak vowels and are stressed
Strong syllables...
contain strong vowels and are unstressed
What describes: stressed syllables occur at regular intervals?
Rhythm
Stress-timed
Syllable-timed
What describes: distribution of primary stresses in a longer stretch of speech?
What describes: syllables occur at regular intervals, stressed or unstressed?
Pitch= auditory perception of frequency (high or low)
Intonation= rises and falls in pitch
Pitch = rises and falls in pitch
Intonation= auditory perception of frequency (high or low)