SPHR PREP

(CH 2)
WHAT ARE THE 7 STEPS OF A NEEDS ASSESSMENT. (pg. 26)

A legally enforceable agreement between two or more parties in which all parties benefit in some way.

Similar to a contract; however part of the transaction is provided by an entity other than those who have signed the contract.

Serves as the basis on which the product or service is obtained. It is a guide to ensure that delivery meets the organization's requirements and a means of evaluation at the end of the project.

What are the steps to develop the RFP?

What is the RFP format?

A _____________ provides opportunities for top-down communication by management and bottom-up communication from employees.

Top-Down Communication Options

Bottom Up Communication Options

Questions that should be answered when considering which communication option to elect.

(Documentation Requirements)
2 Categories of DR

Levels of discipline

Study of how adults learn.

Developed andragogy

Who expanded on Lindeman's development of Andragogy?

Study of how children learn.

What are the 5 characteristics that form the basis of andragogy?

Three Types of Learners

(Motivation Concepts)
Who developed his hierarchy of needs to explain how people meet their needs through work? This theory describes needs that begin with the most basic requirements for life and progresses through stages of growth as people strive to fill higher-level needs.

What are the five levels of needs that motivate people in the Hierarchy of Needs theory?

Who created the Operant Conditioning which is the basic theory that behavior can be changed through the use of 4 intervention strategies?

What are the 4 intervention strategies B. F. Skinner's Operant Conditioning theory?

Who developed the Motivation/Hygiene Theory in 1959?

What does the Motivation/Hygiene theory convey?

What was a result of Herzberg's theory?

Who expanded on Maslow's work to describe the behavior of managers in their relationships with the employees?

What two distinct management approaches did McGregor develop?

Theory __ managers have a worldwide view of employees as lazy and uninterested in work and needing constant direction to complete their assignments. They also believe employees don't want to take responsibility and are interested in job security above all else.

Theory __ managers believe that, given the opportunity, people will see out challenging work and additional responsibility if the work is satisfying. These managers are more likely to invite participation in the decision-making process from their subordinates.

Who developed the concept that people are constantly measuring what they put into work against what they get from work?

Who developed the theory that maintains people are motivated by the expectation of the reward they will receive when they succeed and that each individual calculates the level of effort required to receive a particular reward to determine whether the reward is worth the effort that is required to attain it.

Vroom uses the following three terms to explain Expectancy Theory.

According to Vroom's theory, motivation starts with an assessment by individuals about their capabilities to successfully complete an assignment.

If individuals believe they're capable of completing an assignment, they next ask "What's in it for me?" - that is, will their effort to complete the work be the instrument for obtaining a reward for the work.

This is the result of calculations as to whether the possible reward is worth the effort required to successfully complete the work.

Who developed the motivation theory that builds on Maslow's work and identifies three levels of needs? The premise was that people move sequentially through the levels one at a time. This theory allows for the possibility that people can work on multiple levels simultaneously. it also conveys frustration regression, which occurs when an individual falls back to a lower level in frustration at the difficulty of a higher level.

What are the three levels in the ERG Theory?

During the 1940s, researchers moved to a new area of research and focused on the ability of leadership to be taught: anyone could become a leader with the right information. This view moved the research focus from personality traits to what leaders did to inspire people to follow them.

This type of theory of leadership seeks to explain leader effectiveness in different situations? The elements that are considered in situational theories are how the leader and followers interact and how the work is structured.

Types of Situational Theories

To address some of the criticisms, Fred E. Fiedler developed a model known as Fiedler's ______________ __________ to address the shortcomings of situational theories

What are the six leadership styles?

This leadership style is effective in situations requiring immediate action or those that are life threatening. When productivity is the highest concern, authoritarian leadership may be the best style.

These type of leaders are the most effective in environments of highly skilled professional employees who are self motivated and accomplished tasks on their own.

These type of leaders allow group members to operate on their own. This style provides no direction or guidance and can lead to chaos if members lack confidence in their abilities.

This leadership tool works with group members to develop skills and abilities so they will be able to operate independently.

This type of leadership focuses on getting the job done and seeks to do this by offering a reward in exchange for accomplishing organization goals. These types of leaders manage by exception, either by seeking out areas where rules aren't being followed and making a correction or by taking action when the goal isn't met.

This type of leadership focuses on the relationships in the group, building them to achieve organizational goals. These leaders set the ideal for the group and act as role models, inspiring excellence in the group and stimulating new ideas and perspectives. They are coaches who work with individuals to develop their skills and abilities and improve their performance.

What is the process of initiating, planning, executing, controlling, and closing an assignment that is temporary in nature?

What are realized benefits for having a diverse workforce?

Self-knowledge or how well individuals know themselves. Refers to emotional intelligence and social aptitude.

Characterized by individuals who are aware of their emotions and are able to control how they react to them. These individuals are able to motivate themselves to achieve goals and are sensitive to the emotion of others and able to manage relationships with them.

Provides an electronic means of storing employment documents, thereby reducing the need to maintain physical files.

What are the two types of research?

Type of research that is original

Type of research that is based on information that has been collected or reported by others.

Formal method of primary research

What are the 5 steps of the Scientific Method?

Ways to collect data?

Two basic categories of data analysis.

Analysis tools that are based on mathematical models for measuring historical data.

Types of Quantitative Analysis

Measures of Central Tendency

Examples of Time Series Forecasts
(measure historic data and provide a basis for projecting future requirements)