thoracic trauma

What should be the first thing which should be done when an animal comes in with a thoracic injury?

what investigations should be carried out with a thorax trauma?

how should a single fractured rib be treated?

what are the signs of a fractured ribs?

what is a flail chest?

why is flail chest serious?

how should flail chest be treated?

what does a pneumothroax look like on x-ray?

what are the main two types of pneumothrox seen in animals?

what may be visible on the body of an animal with pneumothorax?

How should a secondary pneumothroax be treated?

why is tension pneumothorax so dangerous?

what can be seen in a pneumo mediastinum?

how should pneumomediastinum be treated?

what can causes a pneumomediastinum?

how will a pneumomediastinum present and what should NOT be done?

how does diaphragmatic rupture present?

what can be done to confirm a pneumomediastinum?

how should a diaphragmatic rupture be treated?

what are the three presentations of a diaphragmatic rupture?

what is the most common cause of mortality post diaphragmatic rupture repair?