Why is population growing rapidly?
Reduction in death rate in LICs and MICs. The birth rate in many of these countries is still high.
Reduction in birth rate in LICs and MICs. The death rate in many of these countries is still high.
By comparison HICs have a ____ birth and death rate giving a slowly increasing or even decreasing population.
High
Low
What is population density?
The number of people who live in a defined area.
Where the people are.
What is population distribution?
Is world population distribution even or uneven?
Even
Uneven
Places which are sparsely populated contain what number of people?
Few
Many
Places which are densely populated have what number of people?
A birth rate higher than death rate leads to a natural increase or decrease in populations?
Increase
Decrease
A death rate higher than birth rate leads to a natural increase or decrease in population?
What does the population do when birth and death rates are the same?
Random order: sometimes more people are dying and other times more people are being born.
Population remains the same.
Identify two reasons for places being sparsely populated.
High land that is mountainous and inhospitable, eg. the Himalayas.
Good job opportunities.
Countries with unstable governments.
Areas rich in resources (eg. coal or oil).
Identify two reasons for places being densely populated.
Low land, which is flat, eg. Ganges Valley in India.
Areas with a temperature that isn't too extreme (not too hot and not too cold).
Areas with exreme climates.
Areas with few resources.
What causes birth and death rates to change?
Medical
Social
Political
Economic
Environmental
Commercial
Describe what happens in Stage 1 of the Demographic Transition Model.
Population fluctuates, but stays stable. High birth and death rate. Small population change. UK --> Before 1750
Population is very rapid. High birth rate, death rate falls. Rapid population growth. UK --> 1950
Describe what happens in Stage 2 of the Demographic Transition Model.
Very slow population increase. Birth rate is low and fluctuates, death rate is low. Stable population change. UK --> Post 1950
Very rapid population increase. High birth rate, death rate falls. Rapid growth in population. UK --> 1750-1880
Decribe what happens in Stage 3 of the Demographic Transition Model.
Population increases but less rapidly. Birth rate falls, death rate is low. Population change has a slower growth. UK --> 1880-1950
Population slowly decreases. Birth rate is low, death rate is low but higher than birth rate. Population change has a slow decrease. UK --> Still in stage 4, possibly Stage 5 in the future if brith rate rises.
Decribe what happens in Stage 4 of the Demographic Transition Model.
Population increases but less rapidly. Birth rate falls, death rate is low. Slower population change. UK --> 1880-1950
Describe what happens in Stage 5 of the Demographic Transition Model.
Population slowly decreases. Birth rate is low, death rate is low but higher than birth rate. Population change has a slow decrease. UK -->Still in stage 4, possibly Stage 5 in the future if birth rate rises.
When did China have a quarter of the world's population?
1970
1973
1975
1979
1983
What were the incentives of sticking to the 'One-Child Policy'?
Longer paid maternity leave
Free medical care
Discount on medical care
Better child care
Free housing arrangements
Preferential housing arrangements
Free education
Cash bonuses
Don't have to work at all
What were the disincentives of the policy?
Couples are required to pledge that they would not have more children.
People were monitored by the 'granny police'.
If they had another child they lost all their privileges.
If they had another child they would be arrested.
They received heavy fines if they did not obey the policy.
Sacked from their jobs as a punishment.
Each area was only allowed a certain number (quota) or births.
Women with unauthorised pregnancies were pressured to have abortions and those who already had children were urged to use contraception or undergo sterilisation
Their original children are't allowed to go to school, so don't get a good education.
They aren't entitled to electricity and hot water.
In what year did Singapore's government introduce the 'three or more' policy?
1985
1987
1990
1993
What were the incentives that are offered to parents who stick to the policy?
A cash gift of $3000 each for the first and second child.
A cash gift of $6000 each for the third and fourth child.
3 months maternity leave for the mothers.
Parents can live in large flats
Mothers do not have to return to work if they don't want to.
3 days of paternity leave on the birth of the first four children for fathers.
5 days of paid childcare leave a year.
Parents receive a discount on family cars.
What were the disincentives of the 'three or more policy'?
Couples with no children are not entitled to buy anything larger than a three-room flat.
Any transport that the parents already own is taken away.
No choice of schools so their education might suffer.
They do not receive financial packages offered by the government.
What is meant by the term 'youthful population'?
Where an area has mostly children compared to adults.
Where an area has a high proportion of young people below the age of 16 or 19.
What is meant by the term 'ageing population'?
A high proportion of elderly people over the age of 65.
Where there is mainly adults compared to children.
What are the advantages of an ageing population?
Fewer people will be unemployed as the percentage of elderly who are retired increases.
Some elderly work without pay in places such as charity shops therefore increasing the economic situation.
The area will be a very boring place as it is very quiet so no one will go there.
There will be a growth in the leisure industry with firms wanting to grab the 'grey pound'.
What are the disadvantages of having an ageing population?
The pension age will have to increase.At present the old age pension is paid at age 65. This will increase in steps to 68 in 2046.
Much greater demand on health care and care homes. People might have to sell their homes to afford these.
Area will be very dull and boring.
Taxes are likely to increase to pay for services and pensions.
Money spent on education might be cut to spend on the elderly instead.
People live longer, more houses are needed and therefore using up large amounts of land.
