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(Finished ) social saved Test sobre Perspectives on Relationships, creado por murat sertay el 15/08/2016.

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Perspectives on Relationships

Pregunta 1 de 66

1

In relationships, we as individuals do not really care about fairness in relationships, as long as personal gain is in our favour.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 2 de 66

1

Hatfield, Utne, and Traupmann (1999) interviewed newly-married couples and how they felt about the current statuses of their marriage in relation to the effort that they put in.

Are we more content when we are over-benefited, under-benefited, or equitably treated?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Over-benefited.

  • Under-benefited.

  • Equitably treated.

  • None of the above.

Explicación

Pregunta 3 de 66

1

Guilt in a relationship, particularly for women, is highest when...

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • We over-benefit from it.

  • We under-benefit from it.

  • We are equitably treated.

  • Others see how balanced our relationship is.

  • None of the above.

Explicación

Pregunta 4 de 66

1

Anger in a relationship is highest when...

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • We are over-benefited.

  • We are under-benefited.

  • We are equitably treated.

  • None of the above.

Explicación

Pregunta 5 de 66

1

People stay in a relationship only when the profit or payoff is higher than when they believe it is better than with someone else (Thibaut & Kelley, 1955).

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 6 de 66

1

Individuals who discover that their relationships are unbalanced will often try to restore equity (Hatfield, Berscheid & Walster, 1976).

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 7 de 66

1

According to Hatfield, Rapson, and Aumer-Ryan (2007) when are the concerns of fairness the most pertinent in a relationship?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • The beginning.

  • When it looks to be ending.

  • Consistently across the span of it.

  • There aren't really any times.

  • Both at the beginning and when it looks to be ending.

Explicación

Pregunta 8 de 66

1

Some have criticised the authenticity of research involving equity theory in relationships, citing that it generally happens in unbalanced (or unhappy) relationships that concerns about fairness are more prominent.

Is this true or false?

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 9 de 66

1

In the Aumer-Ryan (et al., 2007) study, when did the Jamaican participants feel satisfaction most compared to American participants?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • When they over-benefited.

  • When they under-benefited.

  • When they were also equitably treated.

  • None of the above.

Explicación

Pregunta 10 de 66

1

"People tend not to compare their own relationships with others and focus, individually, on all the variables and circumstances surrounding their own" (Buunk, Oldersma & De Dreu, 2001).

Is this statement true or false?

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 11 de 66

1

Wong and Goodwin (2009) conducted qualitative research on relationships in three different cultures (United Kingdom, Hong Kong, and Beijing).

Which of the following were the most important for Chinese and Hongkongese relationships? Select the appropriate, as there is more than one answer.

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Companionship.

  • Equity.

  • Consolidation.

  • Characterisation.

  • Harmony.

Explicación

Pregunta 12 de 66

1

According to Wong and Goodwin (2009), British couples find that is the most important aspect of a relationship, whilst Hongkongese and Chinese value more.

Arrastra y suelta para completar el texto.

    companionship
    trust
    attraction
    equity
    harmony
    codependency
    love
    family

Explicación

Pregunta 13 de 66

1

Are the six definitions of love, as highlighted by Watts and Stenner (2013), built on traditional masculine and feminine values, or are they fluid and ever-changing?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Traditional values.

  • Fluid and ever-changing.

  • Both.

  • Neither.

  • None of the above.

Explicación

Pregunta 14 de 66

1

Milnes (2010) argues that society's ideological constructions of sexuality for males and females have an inherent double standard. Men are seen as active, wild, and generally uncontrollable, meanwhile, women are seen as passive and reactive.

Men generally excused for potential promiscuity, because of these constructions, compared to women. Is this statement true or false?

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 15 de 66

1

Boonzaier (2008) interviewed male and female couples in which there had been histories of abuse suffered by the women that were inflicted by their male partners.

What was the main draw from her findings?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • That the men positioned themselves as victims.

  • That the men positioned women as victims.

  • That the women blamed their partners.

  • That the women blamed themselves.

  • Both blamed each other.

  • None of the above.

Explicación

Pregunta 16 de 66

1

Jealousy is often a single event in a relationship, rather than found to be developed from a series of previous events.

Is this statement true or false?

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 17 de 66

1

Membership categorisation (MCD) devices can be used to denote particular stereotypes to characteristics of other individuals. For example, Stokoe (2010) observed discourses in conversation about men from two women.

"That's men," Sophie said. "That's what James was like on Sunday". The MCD is not about the individual in particular, but about the membership of James and men in general.

True or false?

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 18 de 66

1

According to Butler (1990), gender is .

Arrastra y suelta para completar el texto.

    performative
    rigid
    fluid
    irrelevant
    unnecessary

Explicación

Pregunta 19 de 66

1

Butler (1990) believes that identity is singular, fixed, and that they shape our gender relevant behaviours. Is this true or false?

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 20 de 66

1

"Our available lexicon of sexuality and relationships both makes available and delimits who, what, and how we can be"

Butler (1989, 1999, 2004) wrote this. True or false?

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 21 de 66

1

According to Butler (1989, 1999, 2004) gender is non-binary, and there are some definitions of sexuality and identity that cannot be defined. True or false?

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 22 de 66

1

Select the definition that best describes the equity theory.

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • We balance what is fair in a cost-reward ratio in accordance to both (or more parties) and ensure that these is maximum fairness and balance.

  • We determine what is best for us when balancing resources in negotiations between two parties.

  • We ensure that the other party has a fairer share before thinking of ourselves when negotiating resources.

  • All of the above.

Explicación

Pregunta 23 de 66

1

Select the definition that best describes the exchange theory.

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • We act on a cost-reward basis in our interactions with others, particularly in relationships, but what will give us the greatest profit in doing so.

  • We try to exchange with others, in terms of interaction, with what will benefit us the most.

  • We ensure that people other than ourselves perceive us in higher social standing after negotiating higher cost-reward in their benefit during interactions.

  • All of the above.

  • None of the above.

Explicación

Pregunta 24 de 66

1

"For the equity theory, research is often very artificial. They are usually held within inauthentic settings and tend to revolve around business games where one party goes as far to help the others as much as they have been helped themselves. Therefore, it's not widely generalisable to personable, human interaction and relationships" (Wilke & Lanzetta, 1970).

Is this statement true or false?

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 25 de 66

1

Reproductive fitness refers to:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Mates that have the optimum chance of passing one's own genes through to their offspring

  • Mates who have the optimum opportunities to reproduce a number of offspring

Explicación

Pregunta 26 de 66

1

According to the evolutionary process between sexual partners, is it the more positive or negatively related preferences are to sexual preferences that genes are passed on?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • The more negatively related, the fewer genes that are passed on

  • The more negatively related, the more genes that are passed on

Explicación

Pregunta 27 de 66

1

According to the Buss (1989) study, are there sex-linked preferences between males and females?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Yes, there are

  • No, there are not

Explicación

Pregunta 28 de 66

1

For Buss (1989), sex-linked preferences refer to:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • What is desirable in a potential mate for a person making the judgement

  • What is undesirable in a potential mate for a person making the judgement

Explicación

Pregunta 29 de 66

1

Who of the two sexes is investing more in human reproduction?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Males

  • Females

Explicación

Pregunta 30 de 66

1

Buss (1989) suggested that:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Cultural differences (etc) exert powerful effects on the value attached to chastity

  • Cultural differences (etc) have no effect at all on the value of chastity

Explicación

Pregunta 31 de 66

1

According to Stone, Shackleford, and Buss (2008), countries with poor health had preferences for:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Financial security

  • Good health

Explicación

Pregunta 32 de 66

1

According to Chu (et al., 2007) females showed a consistent preference for attractive males of:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Medium status rather than high status

  • High status rather than medium status

Explicación

Pregunta 33 de 66

1

Which sex, according to Shackleford (et al., 2005) prefers "dependability, stability, education, and intelligence" more?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Men

  • Women

Explicación

Pregunta 34 de 66

1

Which impact what, according to Confer (et al., 2010)

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Culture impacts evolution

  • Evolution impacts culture

Explicación

Pregunta 35 de 66

1

According to Wheeler and Kim (1997), Koreans Americans find what attractive?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Social skills, friendliness, and well-adjusted pictures with others

  • Social withdrawal, hostility, and generally negative attitudes

Explicación

Pregunta 36 de 66

1

According to Festinger, Schachter, and Back (1950) and propinquity, were participants' closest friends living nearer to them or further apart?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Nearer to them

  • Further apart

Explicación

Pregunta 37 de 66

1

According to research (Bornstein, 1989; Bornstein & D'Agostino, 1992; Moreland & Beach, 1992), did participants attend classes the more they liked or disliked the confederates?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • They attended classes the more they liked the confederates

  • They attended classes they less that they liked the confederates

Explicación

Pregunta 38 de 66

1

According to Heider (1958) and the balance theory, we are motivated to achieve a state of equilibrium. Therefore:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • We like those that we share similar attitudes with, and dislike those that we don't

  • We like those that we do not share similar attitudes with, and dislike those who do

Explicación

Pregunta 39 de 66

1

According to Byrne (1971) and the law of attraction:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • The proportion of shared attitudes is correspondent with the level of attraction

  • The proportion of misaligned attitudes is correspondent with the level of attraction

Explicación

Pregunta 40 de 66

1

According to Jones, Pelham, Carvalho, and Mirenberg (2004), was there a significant or non-significant matching between people sharing the same surname prior to marriage

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Significant matching

  • Non-significant matching

Explicación

Pregunta 41 de 66

1

Jones (et al., 2004) found in similarity research that those who had experimental codes similar to their birth dates or surnames were:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Had a greater liking for each other

  • Had a greater hostility towards others

Explicación

Pregunta 42 de 66

1

According to Singh (et al., 2007), does how someone is personally evaluated have a significant effect? Does it increase attraction?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Yes, it does

  • No, it does not

Explicación

Pregunta 43 de 66

1

According to research (Riela, Rodriguez, Aron, Xu & Acevedo, 2010; Riela, et al., 2010) similarity is not as influential as perceived liking. Riela (et al., 2010) found that white Americans and Asian Americans were less or more fond of "liking each other" and "familiarity"?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • More fond of reciprocal liking

  • Less fond of reciprocal liking

Explicación

Pregunta 44 de 66

1

Reciprocal liking refers to:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Mutual liking between two people

  • Mutual dislike between two people

Explicación

Pregunta 45 de 66

1

According to Wood and Brumbaugh (2009), assortative mating is the idea that:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • People seek out partners who share certain characteristics with themselves

  • People seek out partners who do not share the same characteristics as they do

Explicación

Pregunta 46 de 66

1

According to research (Buss & Barnes, 1986; Geary, Vigil & Byrd-Craven, 2004), market forces refer to:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • The 'market value' of a potential mate that are perceived by others when looking for people

  • The forces of the markets in which evolutionary psychology attempts to search

Explicación

Pregunta 47 de 66

1

According to Wood and Brumbaugh (2009), do men show strong consensual concern for physical characteristics?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Yes, they do

  • No, they do not

Explicación

Pregunta 48 de 66

1

Wood and Brumbaugh (2009) found through their research that there is or is not a consensus for what traits are desirable in sexual partners?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • There is a consensus

  • There is no consensus, at all

Explicación

Pregunta 49 de 66

1

According to Dickerson (2012), does your heightened state of arousal or excitation shape how you understand your feelings about meeting someone?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Yes, they do

  • No, they do not

Explicación

Pregunta 50 de 66

1

The excitation transfer refers to:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • The misattribution of a state of arousal

  • The attribution of state or arousal

Explicación

Pregunta 51 de 66

1

In the Dutton and Aron (1974), who called the experimenter after the study more?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Those on the precarious bridge

  • Those on the safe bridge

Explicación

Pregunta 52 de 66

1

According to Cohen and Waugh (1989), those leaving 'suspense thriller' films were more or less aroused? For example, holding hands more, touching (etc).

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • More aroused

  • Less aroused

Explicación

Pregunta 53 de 66

1

Meston and Frohlich (2003) found that ratings for attractiveness of a photograph were higher or lower for which group?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Higher for the post-ride group

  • Higher for the pre-ride group

Explicación

Pregunta 54 de 66

1

The ________ ________ is an idea that our motivation to enter and remain in relationships is driven by our assessment of the profit (rewards - costs) of doing so. Our behaviour is thus driven by seeking to maximise our profit. Profit, in this context, can include any perceived net benefits, not just financial ones.

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Exchange theory

  • Equity theory

Explicación

Pregunta 55 de 66

1

Rational actor refers to:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • The idea that human behaviour can be made sense of in terms of individuals rationally purusing what they perceive to be their own self-interest

  • The idea that human behaviour can be made sense of in terms of individuals not rationally acting in what they want, but what others want

Explicación

Pregunta 56 de 66

1

The ________ ________ is an idea that people are motivated by a concern with both maximising their outcomes (like the other theory) and (unlike the other theory) with fairness. The concern with fairness is understood as a particularly important issue for understanding partners' satisfaction or distress within a relationship.

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Equity theory

  • Exchange theory

Explicación

Pregunta 57 de 66

1

According to the Adams (1965) formula, outcome rewards minus outcome costs are ________ by perceived input.

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Divided

  • Multiplied

  • Added

  • Subtracted

Explicación

Pregunta 58 de 66

1

According to Adams (1965), the more a person feels that they contribute to the relationship (input), the more or less they feel that they deserve to receive in terms of outcomes and inputs?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • More they feel

  • Less they feel

Explicación

Pregunta 59 de 66

1

Pillemer, Hatfield, and Sprecher (2008) found that, in a study of women aged between 50 and 82, that women were their most content when:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Over-benefiting

  • Under-benefiting

Explicación

Pregunta 60 de 66

1

According to Austin and Walster (1975), are individuals more concerned with equity in totality or equity in only some places

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Totality

  • Some places

Explicación

Pregunta 61 de 66

1

Attributions can be understood as:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Definitions

  • Causations

Explicación

Pregunta 62 de 66

1

Stander, Hsiung and McDermaid (2001) found that marriages rated as "conflictual" had higher or lower incidences of distress-maintaining attributions?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Higher level of incidences

  • Lower levels of incidences

Explicación

Pregunta 63 de 66

1

Fincham, Harold, and Gano-Phillips (2000) asserted that:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Attributions concerning partner behaviour shape relationship satisfaction

  • Attributions concerning partner behaviour do not shape relationship satisfaction at all

Explicación

Pregunta 64 de 66

1

Available discourses refer to:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Culturally available constructions about how things are

  • Culturally available constructions about how the world should be

Explicación

Pregunta 65 de 66

1

Ideological implications refer to:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Versions of the world that are constructed, and their consequences, in being a type of person (eg, male, female)

  • Versions of the world that others do not see but yourself

Explicación

Pregunta 66 de 66

1

Interactional implications are:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Implications with an immediate interaction

  • Implications that do not have an immediate interaction

Explicación

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