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Test sobre 1_Prosocial Behaviour, creado por murat sertay el 15/08/2016.

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1_Prosocial Behaviour

Pregunta 1 de 47

1

Prosocial behaviour is:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Behaviour only intended to help oneself

  • Behaviour intended to help others without the expectation of reward for the effort(s)

Explicación

Pregunta 2 de 47

1

A man sexually assaulted Kitty Genovese in 1964. There were reportedly 38 witnesses in the 30-minute span in which it had occurred. Darley and Latané (1968) highlighted that all the witnesses involved would have been aware of others that were there to see it as well. What was this effect called?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • The bystander effect

  • The witness effect

  • The Latané effect

Explicación

Pregunta 3 de 47

1

According to Darley and Latané (1968), were participants more or less likely to help when the participant was alone?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • More likely

  • Less likely

Explicación

Pregunta 4 de 47

1

According to Darley and Latané (1968), were participants more or less likely to help when there were up to four others involved that required additional help?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • More likely

  • Less likely

Explicación

Pregunta 5 de 47

1

Was there a significant difference when it came to sex differences in the Darley and Latané (1968) study?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Yes

  • No

Explicación

Pregunta 6 de 47

1

Was there a significant difference when it came to whether or not a bystander was medically qualified in the Darley and Latané (1968) study?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Yes

  • No

Explicación

Pregunta 7 de 47

1

Manning (et al., 2007) criticised the Darley and Latané (1968) study. How many witnesses were there at the scene?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • 6

  • 10

  • 25

  • More than 100

Explicación

Pregunta 8 de 47

1

According to Manning (et al., 2007) did witnesses call the police after the man's initial attack (Darley and Latané, 1968)?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Yes, they did

  • No, they did not

Explicación

Pregunta 9 de 47

1

According to Manning (et al., 2007) did witnesses attempt to notify the police (Darley and Latané, 1968)?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Yes, they did

  • No, they did not

Explicación

Pregunta 10 de 47

1

Did Dickerson (2012) find there to be erroneous reporting in the Kitty Genovese case?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Yes, they have existed for decades now

  • No, it was completely verified

Explicación

Pregunta 11 de 47

1

What do the Dickerson (2012) findings imply?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • A culture of consensual, uncritical acceptance

  • A culture of hate and discrimination

  • A culture of repetition

Explicación

Pregunta 12 de 47

1

Are the Dickerson (2012) findings largely within the realm of social psychology, or out of it?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Largely within it

  • Largely out of it

Explicación

Pregunta 13 de 47

1

According to the Piliavin, Rodin, and Piliavin (1969) findings, did onlookers spontaneously help when a person collapsed on a train?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Yes, 62/65 times (95.4%)

  • No, 3/65 times (4.6%)

Explicación

Pregunta 14 de 47

1

Did the proportion of people that helped a person who had collapsed spontaneously on a train differ significantly dependent on its cause?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Yes, it did (eg, heart attack vs. alcoholism)

  • No, it did not, people helped anyway

Explicación

Pregunta 15 de 47

1

Can the bystander effect explain the results found by Piliavin, Rodin, and Piliavan (1969) for prosocial behaviour on a train for someone who has spontaneously collapsed?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Yes

  • No

Explicación

Pregunta 16 de 47

1

In discussion of the role of attribution in prosocial behaviour, how successful was the request for notes when there was no internal attribution (eg, "Someone stole my notes at lunch break")?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • A lot more successful compared to "I went to the beach"

  • A lot less successful compared to versions such as "My dog ate my homework"

Explicación

Pregunta 17 de 47

1

In discussing the role of attribution in prosocial behaviour, what are the effects of being helped when a person appears inebriated (eg, drunk) or smells of alcohol?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Chances are greatly reduced

  • Chances are greatly increased

Explicación

Pregunta 18 de 47

1

Between the two groups, who is more likely to be helped by bystanders in terms of prosocial behaviour: welfare recipients or the poor?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Welfare recipients (internal attribution)

  • The poor (external attribution)

Explicación

Pregunta 19 de 47

1

When people decide to help another person, do they go through a list of internal cognitive processes?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Yes, they do

  • No, it's unlikely that they do

Explicación

Pregunta 20 de 47

1

Piliavin (et al., 1981) incorporated a model to explain prosocial behaviour. It has (a) physical or psychological arousal, (b) the attribution of the cause of arousal, and (c) a cost-benefit analysis - or diffusion of responsibility. What is the made of the model?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • The Arousal Cost-Reward Model

  • The Cost Attribution Model

  • The Prosocial Attribution Model

Explicación

Pregunta 21 de 47

1

According to Piliavin (et al., 1981), participants perceive a situation to be more or less costly when others are involved?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • More costly

  • Less costly

Explicación

Pregunta 22 de 47

1

In a Darley and Latané (1968) study, participants conducted an internal cost-benefit analysis of whether or not to report a seizure. What were the arousal levels of the non-reporting participants?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • They were more emotionally aroused

  • They were less emotionally aroused

Explicación

Pregunta 23 de 47

1

In a Darley and Latané (1968) study, participants conducted an internal cost-benefit analysis of whether or not to report a seizure. What happened to the non-responding participants?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • They acted quickly and reported it

  • They were very indecisive

Explicación

Pregunta 24 de 47

1

In a Darley and Latané (1968) study, participants conducted an internal cost-benefit analysis of whether or not to report a seizure. What happened to the participants that were indecisive?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • The cost of not helping gradually reduced and the conflict became acute

  • The cost of not helping was increased and the conflict became reduced

Explicación

Pregunta 25 de 47

1

A criticism of prosocial behaviour explanations in terms of its focus is that:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • It is too individualistic

  • It is not individualistic enough

Explicación

Pregunta 26 de 47

1

Do prosocial behaviour explanations account for groups or the socially-constructed natures of prosocial behaviour?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Yes, they do account for that

  • No, they do not account for that in local interactional contexts (eg, arguments) or wider sociocultural contexts (eg, ideologies)

Explicación

Pregunta 27 de 47

1

Participants' football team preferences were made salient in the Levine (et al., 2005) study. What happened when participants encountered a jogger that had hurt their ankle when running?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Participants were more likely to help if they were wearing a shirt of their preferred team (92%)

  • Participants were less likely to help if they were wearing a shirt of their preferred team (8%)

Explicación

Pregunta 28 de 47

1

Participants' football team preferences were made salient in the Levine (et al., 2005) study. What happened when the jogger was dressed as a supporter of their own team?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • They helped the most (80%)

  • They did not help the most (20%)

Explicación

Pregunta 29 de 47

1

Participants' football team preferences were made salient in the Levine (et al., 2005) study. What happened when the jogger was dressed as supporters of a different team to the participants?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • They helped them (70%)

  • They didn't help them (30%)

Explicación

Pregunta 30 de 47

1

Participants' football team preferences were made salient in the Levine (et al., 2005) study. What happened when the jogger was dressed without a football shirt on?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • They did help

  • They didn't help (20%)

Explicación

Pregunta 31 de 47

1

According to Levine (et al., 2005) what effect does the perception of common group perception and attitudes have on prosocial behaviour?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Common group membership increases the likelihood of prosocial behaviour

  • Common group membership does not necessarily increase the likelihood of prosocial behaviour

Explicación

Pregunta 32 de 47

1

According to the Levine (et al., 2005) findings, do relevant group identities need to become more active or salient during specific times for prosocial behaviour to become more plausible?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Yes, it does

  • No, it does not

Explicación

Pregunta 33 de 47

1

What did Saucier, Miller, and Doucet (2005) find in their 31-study review of the levels of prosocial behaviour between black and white students?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • White students were less likely to help black students

  • White students were more likely to help black students

Explicación

Pregunta 34 de 47

1

Do the findings by Saucier, Miller, and Doucet (2005) highlight both racism and ingroup-outgroup mentalities?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Yes, they do

  • No, they do not

Explicación

Pregunta 35 de 47

1

According to the social constructionist perspective, are the descriptors of prosocial behaviour accurate? Furthermore, can they be used by anyone?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Yes, they can comprise of all realities

  • No, they are not direct representations of reality, only one of many

Explicación

Pregunta 36 de 47

1

Does the overly individualistic focus on prosocial behaviour neglect localised interactional context in which attributions are made?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Yes, they do

  • No, they don't

Explicación

Pregunta 37 de 47

1

According to Dickerson (2012), if the attributions through explanatory talk are being used to justify certain behaviours in a certain light, can they be treated as direct or straightforward representations?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Yes, they can

  • No, they cannot

Explicación

Pregunta 38 de 47

1

Ichheiser (1943) argued that attributions are not simply single cognitive events because they must be considered in wider social contexts. According to Cherry (1995):

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Widespread abuse of women during the 1960s was largely ignored and the police were reticent to intervene

  • There is too much conflicting evidence to suggest that there was a salient culture on domestic abuse during the 1960s

Explicación

Pregunta 39 de 47

1

Ichheiser (1943) argued that attributions are not simply single cognitive events because they must be considered in wider social contexts. Can giving money to homeless people be constructed differently depending on where you are?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • No, because giving money to the homeless is universally seen as a good thing

  • Yes, because not everyone everywhere sees homeless people in the same way - largely because of sociopolitical cultures

Explicación

Pregunta 40 de 47

1

Ichheiser (1943) argued that attributions are not simply single cognitive events because they must be considered in wider social contexts. Were the "good samaritans" of the 1930s really prosocial?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Yes, they were

  • No, the only thought that they were good people at the time because of the sociopolitical context (eg, Nazi government in Germany during the World War)

Explicación

Pregunta 41 de 47

1

Foucault mentioned that psychology researchers' constructions may be upholding particular ideologies. If we construct psychology as "neutral" or "value-free", could we be subtly reinforcing and legitimising oppressive attitudes (eg, racism, sexism)?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Yes, we could be

  • No, I do not think so

Explicación

Pregunta 42 de 47

1

Burr (2006) noted how psychology constructs itself as "neutral" or "value-free". For example, it highlights variables, uses scientific jargon, is written in third-person, and does not reflect on social influences in its research. Does this construction distract from the researcher's own personal interests?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Yes, because they don't believe them to be necessary

  • No, because they are being objective

Explicación

Pregunta 43 de 47

1

Did Darley and Latané (1968) omit a crucial item of information in the Kitty Genovese case, according to Cherry (1995), in which a man was attacking a woman?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Yes, they did

  • No, they did not

Explicación

Pregunta 44 de 47

1

According to Cherry (1995) in regards to the Darley and Latané (1968) study on Kitty Genovese, was this a neutral thing to do?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Yes, it was at the time

  • No, because ignoring social norms is a subtle acceptance and upholding of oppressive attitudes

Explicación

Pregunta 45 de 47

1

Did Darley and Latané (1968) believe that they were contributing to research that now believes crowds facilitate antisocial behaviour?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Yes, they did believe that

  • No, they did not believe that

Explicación

Pregunta 46 de 47

1

Burr (2006) suggested two ways that psychologists can use to avoid subtly reinforcing oppressive attitudes. One of them is:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • By not using qualitative methods with holistic understandings of meanings that the events hold in a number of contexts

  • By using qualitative methods with holistic understandings of meaning that the events hold in a number of contexts (eg, where the research started)

Explicación

Pregunta 47 de 47

1

Burr (2006) suggested two ways that psychologists can use to avoid subtly reinforcing oppressive attitudes. Another way is to:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Not employ "constant reflexivity" where sociocultural assumptions and biases do not underlie research and could not be critiqued in the future

  • Employ "constant reflexivity" where sociocultural assumptions and biases do underlie research and are open to critique in the future

Explicación

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