Infant Perceptual Development

Pregunta 1 de 80

1

Empiricists saw newborns as:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Tabula rasa
Innately born with traits and characteristics
Shaped by their parents' traits and characteristics
Yet to be shaped by the social environment that they would live in

Explicación

Pregunta 2 de 80

1

Empiricists believe that children learn their behaviours, traits and characteristics, and don't inherit them. Is this true or false?

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

VERDADERO
FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 3 de 80

1

Nativists saw newborns as:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Tabula rasa
Innately born with traits and characteristics
Yet to be shaped by the social environment in which they will live
Born with the traits and characteristics from their parents

Explicación

Pregunta 4 de 80

1

For infant children in their early perceptual development, sensation is:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Exploring themselves and their environment with their senses
Exploring their own emotions and sensations from what they feel
Understanding how objects exist and the sensations that they get from interacting with them
All of the above
None of the above

Explicación

Pregunta 5 de 80

1

For infant children in their perceptual development, perception is:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Interpretation through their brain's sensory input
What they see and can do with themselves to interact with it
Understanding the world that they inhabit

Explicación

Pregunta 6 de 80

1

Which lobe of the brain is responsible for an infant's sensory processing?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Frontal
Parietal
Occipital
Temporal

Explicación

Pregunta 7 de 80

1

When are infants' vision the least developed?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

At birth
At 2 months old
At 6 months old
At 12 months old
At 18 months old

Explicación

Pregunta 8 de 80

1

According to Fantz (1961) infants prefer:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Patterned shapes
Unpatterned shapes
Both
Neither

Explicación

Pregunta 9 de 80

1

According to Fantz, infants prefer:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Symmetrical lines
Assymetrical lines

Explicación

Pregunta 10 de 80

1

According to Fantz (1961), infants prefer:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Curved lines
Straight lines
Both
Neither

Explicación

Pregunta 11 de 80

1

Neonates can differentiate between different types of patterns. Is this true or false?

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

VERDADERO
FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 12 de 80

1

Habituation is when an infant stares at an object for a period of time. When they are bored, they look away. Is this true or false?

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

VERDADERO
FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 13 de 80

1

How long does it take for newborns to habituate to new stimuli?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Less than a minute
Between one and two minutes
Two minutes
Several minutes

Explicación

Pregunta 14 de 80

1

When infants reach around 4 or 5 months, their information processing reduces by how much?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

10 seconds
20 seconds
30 seconds
1 minute
2 minutes

Explicación

Pregunta 15 de 80

1

Why do newborns take longer, at 2 months old, to habituate?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Because they are cognitively slower than they have ever been
Because they are more easily distracted
Because there is less novelty about the stimuli that they are presented with
Their visual processing has improved significantly and there is more information to process

Explicación

Pregunta 16 de 80

1

Selecciona la opción correcta de los menús desplegables para completar el texto.

In operant conditioning, reinforcement ( increases the chances of, decreases the chances of ) behavioural recurrence. Punishment ( reduces the chances of, improves the chances of ) behavioural recurrence.

Explicación

Pregunta 17 de 80

1

Rovee-Collier (1999) attached a mobile ribbon to a 3-month old baby's ankle during her research experiment. The baby quickly found out that by repeatedly kicking, the mobile would move.

What does this say about operant conditioning?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Infants understand operant conditioning before they are 6 months old. By kicking, it shows that, in context-dependent situations, they can perform behaviours relative to previous events
Her findings were inconclusive as they were too often found to be shown in some infants, but not in others
Infants still need a few more months before they can understand behaviours related to operant conditioning. Even when the baby kicked the first time, it didn't necessarily correlate to activating the mobile, context-dependent or otherwise
None of the above

Explicación

Pregunta 18 de 80

1

Rovee-Collier's (1999) research showed that:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Babies can learn through their own behaviour quickly the consequences of their actions
Some babies can learn through their own behaviour quickly the consequences of their actions
Very few babies can obtain the understanding of operant conditioning as quickly as others, takes a longer time
She didn't find anything significant

Explicación

Pregunta 19 de 80

1

Which of the following areas of the eyes in babies is the least developed as they grow?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Fovea
Cone cells
Retina
Optic nerve
All of the above

Explicación

Pregunta 20 de 80

1

At what point do infants obtain vision comparable to adults?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Before 6 months old
Before 12 months old
At 2 years old
At 3 years old

Explicación

Pregunta 21 de 80

1

In pattern perception, infants only a few weeks old:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Focus on single, high contrast patterns and features
Focus on many, high contrast patterns and features
Focus on single, low contrast patterns and features
Focus on many, low contrast patterns and features

Explicación

Pregunta 22 de 80

1

A baby would be able to recognise their mother in their second day of life. However, would they be able to if her face was partially occluded?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Yes
No

Explicación

Pregunta 23 de 80

1

In facial recognition, one-month old infants will naturally focus on:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Facial edges (e.g. hair, chin)
Distinctive features (e.g. scars, blemishes)
All natural facial features

Explicación

Pregunta 24 de 80

1

In facial recognition, two-month-old infants will have had better contrast sensitivity and ocular-motor control. This means that they now focus on:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

The facial edges (e.g. hair, chin)
Distinctive features (e.g. scars, blemishes)
All parts of the face, particularly eyes and mouth

Explicación

Pregunta 25 de 80

1

At 3 weeks old, an infant's pattern perception:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Has poor contrast sensitivity and prefer large, simple patterns
Can detect detail in complex patterns and their internal features
Can detect patterns, even if boundaries are not present
Can detect objects, even if two-thirds of the image is missing

Explicación

Pregunta 26 de 80

1

At 2 months old, an infant's pattern perception:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Has poor contrast sensitivity, and prefers large simple patterns
Can detect the detail in complex patterns and scan their internal features
Can detect boundaries in patterns, even if they are not really present
Can detect objects, even if two-thirds of the image is missing

Explicación

Pregunta 27 de 80

1

At 4 months old, an infant's pattern perception:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Has poor contrast sensitivity and prefers large, simple patterns
Can detect the detail in complex patterns and scan them for internal features
Can detect pattern boundaries, even if they are not really present
Can detect objects, even if two-thirds of the image is missing

Explicación

Pregunta 28 de 80

1

At 12 months old, an infant's pattern perception

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Has poor contrast sensitivity and prefers large, simple patterns
Can detect the detail in complex patterns and scan them for internal features
Can detect patterns even if the boundaries are not really present
Can detect objects, even if two-thirds of the image is missing

Explicación

Pregunta 29 de 80

1

A baby is presented with a standard, natural face, and a jumbled face. When the faces are moved across their visual fields, which do they follow longer?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

The normal face
The jumbled face

Explicación

Pregunta 30 de 80

1

Why, according to Morton and Johnson, might a baby follow a normal face for longer than one that is jumbled?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

They prefer, attentionally, those that are the same as them (evolutionary perspective)
They have been habituated to the stimuli for longer
They are just looking and not really paying too much attention
They want to know what happens next

Explicación

Pregunta 31 de 80

1

According to Farroni, Menon and Johnson (2006), what types of faces do babies prefer?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Faces with a direct gaze, upside-down
Faces with a direct gaze, the right way up
Faces looking away, upside down
Faces looking away, the right way up

Explicación

Pregunta 32 de 80

1

When presented with a visual cliff, would 6-month-old babies crawl to their mothers?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Yes
No

Explicación

Pregunta 33 de 80

1

For depth perception, one-month-old babies show sensitivity to:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Kinetic cues
Binocular cues
Pictorial cues, wariness of height

Explicación

Pregunta 34 de 80

1

For depth perception, two to three-month-old babies show sensitivity to:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Kinetic cues
Binocular cues
Pictorial cues, wariness of height

Explicación

Pregunta 35 de 80

1

For depth perception, five to 12-month-old babies show sensitivity to:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Kinetic cues
Binocular cues
Pictorial cues, wariness of height

Explicación

Pregunta 36 de 80

1

Size constancy is:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Perception of a true object's size
Perception of your own true size
Perception of the environment around you and its size at any time

Explicación

Pregunta 37 de 80

1

Shape constancy is:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Perception of an object's true shape
Perception of your own true shape
Perception of the shape of the environment

Explicación

Pregunta 38 de 80

1

Slater (2001) found that newborns have an early understanding of size constancy. Is this true or false?

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

VERDADERO
FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 39 de 80

1

At what point do human children stop being at risk of the adverse effects of visual deprivation?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

2-4 years old
3-5 years old
4-6 years old
5-7 years old
7 years old and above

Explicación

Pregunta 40 de 80

1

Is visual perception in 1-month-old kittens permanent when deprived of light for only a few days? (Crair, Gillespie & Stryker, 1998)

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Yes
No

Explicación

Pregunta 41 de 80

1

If visual deprivation in newborn children is left untreated for the first 6 months of life, the effects are permanent. Is this true or false?

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

VERDADERO
FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 42 de 80

1

When does the critical period of binocular functioning begin for newborns and peak?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

3 months - 1-2 years
5 months - 1-2 years
6 months - 1-2 years
Never

Explicación

Pregunta 43 de 80

1

In terms of perceptual vision, newborns:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Can see clearly close-up and across wide ranges
Cannot see clearly, but can across wide ranges
Can see clearly close-up, but not across wide ranges
Cannot see clearly or across wide ranges

Explicación

Pregunta 44 de 80

1

Is infant memory for operant responses context-dependent?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Yes
No

Explicación

Pregunta 45 de 80

1

Habituation refers to a gradual reduction in the strength of a response due to repetitive stimulation. Recovery refers to:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Even greater reductions in the strength of a response
New stimuli (eg, a change in environment) causing for habituated responses to return at a high level

Explicación

Pregunta 46 de 80

1

Is infant learning, when assessed through habituation, context-dependent?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Yes
No

Explicación

Pregunta 47 de 80

1

According to research (Bartocci, et al., 2006; Slater, et al., 2010), do preterm and male babies show intense or relaxed activation of sensorimotor areas in the cerebral cortex?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Intense
Reduced

Explicación

Pregunta 48 de 80

1

According to research (Axelin, Salanterä & Lehtonen, 2006; Gormaly, et al., 2001), physical touch releases what painkilling chemicals in the brain?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Endorphins
Dopamine
Serotonin
ACh
ATP

Explicación

Pregunta 49 de 80

1

Allowing a baby to endure severe pain ________ the nervous system with stress hormones, which can disrupt a child's capacity to handle common everyday stressors (eg, sleep disturbances, feeding problems, difficulty calming down) (Mitchell & Boss, 2002).

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Overwhelms
Underwhelms

Explicación

Pregunta 50 de 80

1

An adult's soft caresses induces infants to be _____ attentive towards an adult's face (Stack & Muir, 1992).

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

more
less

Explicación

Pregunta 51 de 80

1

Can babies readily learn to have positive responses to tastes that were previously neutral or negative (eg, bitter-tasting formula substitute to cow's milk that they are allergic to)?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Yes
No

Explicación

Pregunta 52 de 80

1

Babies show early improvements in vision during their development stages. At 2 months old, they achieve ❌. At 6 months old they gain ❌. Then, at 6 or 7 months old, they obtain ❌.

Arrastra y suelta para completar el texto.

focus and colour vision

motion

stereopsis

acuity, scanning, and tracking

motion parallax

binocular disparity

depth perception

accommodation

paralysis

Explicación

Pregunta 53 de 80

1

There is a development of visual acuity in infants. At ❌, they can detect the contrast in Mickey Mouse's ear. At ❌, they have 20:80 visual acuity. At ❌, they develop full vision.

Arrastra y suelta para completar el texto.

3 months old

2 months old

1 month old

6 months old

5 months old

4 months old

3 years old

2 years old

4 years old

Explicación

Pregunta 54 de 80

1

As babies grow, cone cells in the retina:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Elongate
Shrink

Explicación

Pregunta 55 de 80

1

At ❌, babies have poor contrast sensitivity and prefer large, simple patterns. At ❌, they can detect the detail in complex patterns and scan for internal features of patterns. At ❌, they can detect patterns that may not really be there. And at ❌, they can detect objects even when two-thirds of the image are missing.

Arrastra y suelta para completar el texto.

3 weeks old

2 weeks old

A week old

2 months old

A month old

3 months old

4 months old

5 months old

6 months old

12 months old

18 months old

24 months old

Explicación

Pregunta 56 de 80

1

Rellena los espacios en blanco para completar el texto.

At birth, babies are sensitive to cues. Between 2 and 3 months old, they become sensitive to cues. Finally, as they reach a year old (5 - 12 months), they become sensitive to cues.

Explicación

Pregunta 57 de 80

1

Rellena los espacios en blanco para completar el texto.

There are three cues that babies attend to in their depth perception development. The first is . The second is . The third are .

Explicación

Pregunta 58 de 80

1

In the first cue that babies begin to attend, at what point do they understand that 3D objects are not flat?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

A month old
2 months old
3 months old

Explicación

Pregunta 59 de 80

1

According to Campos (et al., 2000), are infants more or less likely to refuse to cross the deep side of a visual cliff?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

More likely to refuse
Less likely to refuse

Explicación

Pregunta 60 de 80

1

According to research (Bai & Bertenthal, 1992; Campos, et al., 2000), who is better at remembering object locations and finding hidden objects?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Seasoned crawlers
Inexperienced crawlers

Explicación

Pregunta 61 de 80

1

According to Bell and Fox (1996), does crawling promote a new level of brain organisation, as indicated by more organised EEG brainwave activity in the cerebral cortex?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Yes, it does
No, it does not

Explicación

Pregunta 62 de 80

1

According to Banks and Ginsburg (1985), contrast refers to:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

The difference in the amounts of light between adjacent regions in a pattern
The similarities of light between adjacent regions in a pattern

Explicación

Pregunta 63 de 80

1

Hatton (et al., 1997) observed infants with visual acuity issues (eg, 20/800) throughout their preschool years. They found that the infants:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Were far behind their peers in all areas of their development
Were much further behind their peers in only perceptual development, but fine everywhere else

Explicación

Pregunta 64 de 80

1

Research has found infants who have severe visual impairments also struggle with motor exploration and spatial understanding (Levtzion-Korach, et al., 2000). What do they have to rely on?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Sound
Parents
Friends

Explicación

Pregunta 65 de 80

1

Has research (eg, Preisler, 1991; Bigelow, 2003) found that infants who see poorly also struggle with caregiver interaction? Do they have difficulties reciprocating interactions?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Yes, they do
No, they do not

Explicación

Pregunta 66 de 80

1

Some have asserted that infant facial perception is due to a built-in capacity to orient towards members of one's own species (Johnson, 2001; Slater & Quinn, 2001). However, others suggest that this is because:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

They prefer any stimulus in the periphery of their visual field (Cassia, Turati & Simon, 2004)
They are socially conditioned to believe that this is what they need to be observing (Jones, et al., 1996)

Explicación

Pregunta 67 de 80

1

When a baby is 2 months old, they can scan an entire stimulus and combine pattern elements into an organised whole. Because of this, can they recognise (and do they prefer) their mother's face to another woman's, according to Bartrip, Morton, and De Schonen (2001)?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Yes, they do
No, they do not

Explicación

Pregunta 68 de 80

1

Do babies prefer their own race according to research (eg, Bar-Haim, et al., 2006; Kelley, et al., 2007)?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Yes
No

Explicación

Pregunta 69 de 80

1

Can own-race preferences be erased according to Sangrigoli (et al., 2005)?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Yes, they can
No, they cannot

Explicación

Pregunta 70 de 80

1

At first, do infants rely heavily on motion and spatial arrangement to identify objects, according to Jusczyk (et al., 1999) and Spelke and Hermer (1996)?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Yes
No

Explicación

Pregunta 71 de 80

1

"As infants become more familiar with many objects and can integrate each object's diverse features into a unified whole, they rely more on shape, colour, and pattern and less on motion (Slater, et al., 2010)" (Berk, 2012, pp. 165). Is this true or false?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

It's true
It's false

Explicación

Pregunta 72 de 80

1

According to Johnson and Shuwairi (2009) does experience enhance a young infant's predictive eye tracking?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Yes, it does
No, it does not

Explicación

Pregunta 73 de 80

1

Novelty prefernece refers to:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

The tendency to prefer paying attention to new objects or people that have never been seen before
The tendency to prefer paying attention to old objects that have been previously used

Explicación

Pregunta 74 de 80

1

According to Berk (2012), do infants from 4 to 11 months increasingly rely on featural information to detect the identity of an object?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Yes, they do
No, they do not

Explicación

Pregunta 75 de 80

1

At first, do infants attend to form (eg, size and shape) and then surface features (eg, pattern, colour) according to Woods and Wilcox (2009)?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Yes, they do
No, they do not

Explicación

Pregunta 76 de 80

1

According to Berk (2012), intermodal perception is:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Understanding our senses and perceiving them as a whole
Understanding our senses, and perceiving them as separate and individual

Explicación

Pregunta 77 de 80

1

According to Berk (2012), amodal sensory properties are:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Information that is not specific to a single modality, but overlaps with others
Information that is specific to single modality

Explicación

Pregunta 78 de 80

1

Newborns can recognise visual objects and distinguish them from others (Sann & Streri, 2007). However, do they only require on exposure to learn the association between the sight and sound of a toy, according to Morrongiello, Fenwick, and Chance (1998)?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Yes, they do
No, they need more

Explicación

Pregunta 79 de 80

1

	Creado por un usuario eliminado hace más de 8 años

	Copiado por murat sertay hace más de 8 años

developental saved Test sobre Infant Perceptual Development, creado por murat sertay el 15/08/2016.

Infant Perceptual Development

Infant Perceptual Development

Pregunta 1 de 80

Empiricists saw newborns as:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 2 de 80

Empiricists believe that children learn their behaviours, traits and characteristics, and don't inherit them. Is this true or false?

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

Explicación

Pregunta 3 de 80

Nativists saw newborns as:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 4 de 80

For infant children in their early perceptual development, sensation is:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 5 de 80

For infant children in their perceptual development, perception is:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 6 de 80

Which lobe of the brain is responsible for an infant's sensory processing?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 7 de 80

When are infants' vision the least developed?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 8 de 80

According to Fantz (1961) infants prefer:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 9 de 80

According to Fantz, infants prefer:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 10 de 80

According to Fantz (1961), infants prefer:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 11 de 80

Neonates can differentiate between different types of patterns. Is this true or false?

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

Explicación

Pregunta 12 de 80

Habituation is when an infant stares at an object for a period of time. When they are bored, they look away. Is this true or false?

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

Explicación

Pregunta 13 de 80

How long does it take for newborns to habituate to new stimuli?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 14 de 80

When infants reach around 4 or 5 months, their information processing reduces by how much?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 15 de 80

Why do newborns take longer, at 2 months old, to habituate?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 16 de 80

Selecciona la opción correcta de los menús desplegables para completar el texto.

In operant conditioning, reinforcement increases the chances of decreases the chances of( increases the chances of, decreases the chances of ) behavioural recurrence. Punishment reduces the chances of improves the chances of( reduces the chances of, improves the chances of ) behavioural recurrence.

Explicación

Pregunta 17 de 80

Rovee-Collier (1999) attached a mobile ribbon to a 3-month old baby's ankle during her research experiment. The baby quickly found out that by repeatedly kicking, the mobile would move. What does this say about operant conditioning?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 18 de 80

Rovee-Collier's (1999) research showed that:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 19 de 80

Which of the following areas of the eyes in babies is the least developed as they grow?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 20 de 80

In operant conditioning, reinforcement ( increases the chances of, decreases the chances of ) behavioural recurrence. Punishment ( reduces the chances of, improves the chances of ) behavioural recurrence.

Rovee-Collier (1999) attached a mobile ribbon to a 3-month old baby's ankle during her research experiment. The baby quickly found out that by repeatedly kicking, the mobile would move.

What does this say about operant conditioning?