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Creado por Emma Allde
hace alrededor de 8 años
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Pharmacogenomics
WHO studied virulent (Smooth) and non-virulent (Rough) strains of Streptococcus pneumonia in mice and demonstrated the principle of transformation
What is the concept of transformation
What is the transforming factor in eukaryotic genetics
Which radioisotope is used to label protein
Which radioisotope is used to label DNA
WHO experimented with radioactively lableled bateriophages (virus that infects bacteria) showing that DNA is the transforming factor
What are the strongest type of bonds
What binds with adenine
What binds with guanine
A molecule that can be written as several resonance structures of approx. equal energy have greater _________ than those without resonance structures
Sugar in sugar-phosphate unit is attached to how many phosphates
What charge to phosphates carry
What are the purines
What are the pyrimidines
Nitrogenous base with two ring structure
Nitrogenous base with single ring structure
What is the nucleic acid composition
How is uracil different from thymine
What makes up a nucleotide
What does ATP stand for
Nucleotides can be attached to WHAT of other nucleotides
Nucleotide attachments are catalysed by what enzyme
At 3' 5' - phosphodiester bonds are formed liberating what molecule
5' end of polynucleotide chains contain
3' end polynucleotide chains contain
Criteria for DNA structure (3)
Who solved that DNA has a three dimensional structure
Whose experimental findings that served as basis for Watson and Crick's hypotheses
What are Chargaff's rules (1947) (3)
Percentage of bases in humans
Who discovered that DNA was helical and the molecule has a diameter of 2 nm and makes a complete turn on the helix every 3.4 nm
i.e. RNA has a regular, repeating structure; helical structure; width and spacing of nitrogenous bases
What is the intronucleotide distance
What is the distance of one full twist of DNA in nt. and nm
What is the diameter of the helix
DNA strands are what
Bases are ________ to the helical axis
Information in DNA is stored as what
Who discovered:
○ Replication mechanism of DNA - semi-conservative
○ One DNA strand acts as a template for the building of a new strand in replication
○ The parent molecule unwinds and the two new daughter strands are assembled based on base-paring rules (semi-conservative)
Compression of DNA is mediate by what
What is the chromosome composition
Number of chromosomes in humans
Number of nucleotide pairs in humans
Meters of DNA in every nucleus
Diameter of nucleus
What is the building block of chromatin
What is nucleosome
What are the 8 histones
What is special about H1 (histone)
What is chromatin fibre
What is linker DNA
What is the composition of a histone
What about histone composition is important to DNA structure
What is condensing chromatin
What is the net result of packaging chromatin
What are chromatin-remodelling complexes
What is the main role of chromatin-remodelling complexes
What is the role of RNA polymerase
What is the role of Histone acetyltransferase (HAT)
What is the role of Histone deacetylase (HDAC)
What is Heterochromatin
Describe the genes in heterochromatin
What is Euchromatin
Describe the genes in Euchromatin
What is Methylation
Number of human genes
Average size of a gene (in bases)
Humans genes
make up about how many nts.
What are exons
Where are exons found
What are introns
Where are introns found
What is repetitive DNA
What are the untranscribed regions near genes
What are two kinds of Retrotransposable elements
What are LINES
What are SINES
What is Satellite DNA
Where is most satellite DNA located
What is the role of satellite DNA
What is the clinical significance of satellite DNA
Uncharacterised/junk DNA is what
Human genome size
Amoeba genome size
What is the key structure difference between deoxyribose and ribose
DNA forms ________ outside biological symptoms