Becker (1963) - how the commissioner of the treasury department's federal bureau of Narcotics served as a 'moral entrepreneur'

beckers view - marked by attempts to arouse the public by claims that smoking pot caused youths to lose control and commit senseless crimes

Becker concluded, resulted in

Extending labelling theory
SHAME AND REINTEGRATION

Empey, 1982 observed...

Empey, 1982 - four policies (all beginning with letter D)

Decriminalization

1. existence of the laws

2. drives them to commit related offences

3. by prohibiting the legal acquisition of desired goods and services

4. corruption of law enforcement officials

Diversion

Empey, 1982 - for juveniles

Empey, 1982 - for adults

less severe intervention

Due process

Empey, 1982 pointed out

Deinstitutionalization

we have abandoned the idea of deinstitutionalization and chosen to ...

labelling theory provides an important reminder that the effects of criminal justice intervention