a powerful form of communication that includes a speaker who has a reason for speaking, an audience that gives the speaker attention, and a message that is meant to accomplish a specific purpose

a highly systematic process of getting to know one's listeners relative to the topic and speech occasion.

sameness, as applied to a public speaker and his or her audience

a statement that expresses both he topic and the general speech purpose in action form and in terms of the specific objectives the speaker hopes to achieve with his or her presentation

a statement that conveys the central idea or core assumption about the speaker's topic

the opinion or judgment of an expert, a professional in his or her field

the opinion of a nonexpert who has personal experience of or has witnessed an event related to the speaker's topic

hard numbers and facts that are particularly useful for public speeches on medicine, health, media, or the environment

information provided in numerical form

brief, personal stories that have a point or a punch line

to solicit answers to a question or series of questions related to one's speech topic from a broad range of individuals

a type of secondary resource that is created and maintained by people rather than automatically by computers; guides visitors to the main page of a Web site organized within a wider subject category.

a collection of databases and information sites arranged by subject, generally reviewed and recommended by experts (usually librarians).

a program that indexes Web content and searches all over the Web for documents containing specific keywords that the researcher has chosen.

a search engine that scans multiple search engines simultaneously.

the quality, authority, and reliability of a source of information

a pattern of speech arrangement that present the main points of a message forward (or backwards) in a systematic, time-related fashion

a pattern of speech arrangement that is based on organization into categories, such as persons, places, things, or processes

a pattern of speech arrangement that arranges main points in terms of their physical proximity or position in relation to each other (north to south, east to west, bottom to top, left to right, outside to inside, and so on).

a pattern of speech arrangement that involves dramatizing an obstacle and then narrowing alternative remedies down to the one the speaker wants to recommend.

a pattern of speech arrangement that organizes the message around cause-to-effect or effect-to-cause relationships.

a pattern of speech arrangement that entail five phases based on the psychological elements of advertising: attention, need, satisfaction, visualization, and action.

a pattern of speech arrangement that ties points together in a way that present a vivid story, compete with characters, setting, plot, and imagery.

in a persuasive speech, a challenge to listeners to act in response to the speech, see the problem in a new way, or change their beliefs, actions, and behavior

a draft outline the speaker will use, and possibly revisit and revise continually, throughout the preparation for a speech; also known as a working outline

the final speech plan, complete with details, delivery tips, and important notes about presentation aids, also known as the delivery outline.

the nervousness one experiences when one knows that one has to communicate in front of an audience

a form of public speaking in which the speech is committed to memory

a style of public speaking that is spontaneous , without any warning or preparation

a style of public speaking that involves delivery with few or no notes, but for which the speaker carefully prepares for in advance

a reference to source materials that the speaker mentions in the narrative of a speech

a form of public speaking intended to increase the audience's understanding or knowledge

presenting facts and information in a straight forward and evenhanded way, free of influence from the speaker's personal thoughts and opinions

presenting fact and information from a particular point of view

an approach to conveying information that involves painting a mental picture fro the audience

a speech that answers the question "Why?" or "What does that mean?" by offering thorough explanations of meaning

a speech that answers how questions by showing an audience the way something works

a presentation whose main goal is to provide answers to "what" questions by explaining to an audience what something is.

the act of using manipulation, threats, intimidation, or violence to gain compliance.

speech that is intended to influence the attitudes, belief, and behavior of an audience.

our general evaluation of people, ideas, objects, or events.

the way in which people perceive reality; our feelings about what is true and real and how confident we are about the validity of something

observable communication, including both verbal and nonverbal messages; the manner in which we act or function in response to our attitudes and beliefs

a claim of what is or what is not

a claim about what goal, policy, or course of action should be pursued

a claim about something's worth

the theory that a speaker's ability to successfully persuade an audience depends on the audience's current attitudes or disposition toward the topic

an audience that opposes the speaker's message and perhaps the speaker personally; the hardest type of audience to persuade

an audience that falls between the receptive audience and the hostile audience; neither supports nor opposes the speaker.

an audience that already agrees with the speaker's viewpoints and message and is likely to respond favorably to the speech

an interaction between two parties that is deliberate and purposeful for at least one of the parties involves

an interview that employers hold with employees who opt to leave the company, to identify organizational problems that might affect future employee retention.

the process of using interconnected groups or associations of persons one knows to develop relationships with their connections whom one does not know.

an interview designed to review an individual or party's accomplishments and develop goals for the future; used in corporate and academic environments

an interview whose primary goal is to secure or fill a position within an organization

a printed summary of one's education, work experiences, and accomplishments

a one-page letter indicating interest in a specific position

an audience's position on a topic at the outset of the speech

a model that highlights the importance of relevance to persuasion and holds that listeners process persuasive messages by one of two routes, depending on how important the message is to them.

critically thinking about the speaker's message, questioning it, and seriously considering acting on it; occurs when listeners are motivated and personally involved with the content of the message.

giving little thought to a message or even dismissing it as irrelevant, too complex to follow, or simply unimportant, occurs when listeners lack motivation to listen critically or unable to do so.

a form of rhetorical proof that appeals to ethics and concerns the qualifications and personality of the speaker

a form of rhetorical proof that appeals to logic and is directed at the audience's reasoning on a topic

a form of rhetorical proof that concerns the nature of the audience's feelings and appeals to their emotions.

an organizational pattern for persuasive speaking in which the speaker begins by presenting main points that are opposed to his or her own position and then follows them with main points that support his or her own position.

an organizing pattern for persuasive speaking in which the speaker shows that his or her viewpoint is superior to the other viewpoints on the topic

the occurrence of medicated communication on a very broad scale

the use of technology to deliver messages between sources and receivers

the merging of traditional mass communication with digital computing and telecommunication technologies

the economic principle that relatively few items bring most of the income to a particular industry, while the rest only add a little

entertainment that appeals to most people's baser instincts, typified by lurid, sensational images and stories charged with sex, violence, scandal, and abuse

in mass media, the process of targeting smaller, specific audiences; also known as rich marketing

in mass media, carefully monitoring content and eliminating messages that might offend viewers or sponsors

in mass media, complicated plots and connections between characters, a blurring of reality and fantasy, and time that is not always linear or chronological.

signals carried over the airwaves from the station transmitter to a receiver.

the expectation that media will serve certain needs

the tendency to assume that negative media messages and bias have a much greater influence on other people than on oneself or people one thinks are like oneself

songs, videos, and other content that individuals create an share publicly through mass media

the open forum in which idea compete

the perspective that focuses not on what media does to us, but on what we do with media - that is, the way we make media choices (uses) to satisfy our needs and goals (gratifications).

the theory that we learn behavior by watching the behaviors of those whom we have identified as models

the argument that a steady, long-term diet of heavy television viewing results in perceptions of reality that match the (distorted) view of reality presented on television

the idea the extensive media coverage of a particular issue will "set the agenda" for what issues people are thinking and talking about

those organization and individuals who control the creation and distribution of information and entertainment.

the valuable resources, such as information and support, that come from having connections and relationships among people

reporting and commenting on local events by nonprofessional, non-journalist citizens

the gap between the haves and the have-nots in terms of regular access to modern technology, especially broadband connections

the difficulty in sorting through and making sense of vast amounts of information, created by the volume of messages made available by converging media

having an understanding of one's own media habits and critically evaluating and analyzing media sources and messages