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Techniques in the Clinical Laboratory

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Detection and Identification of Microorganisms

Pregunta 1 de 33

1

In an outbreak situation molecular epidemiology is used to______

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • ascertain whether the isolates have a common or independent source.

  • ascertain whether the isolates have a evolved from control specimens

  • identify novel SNP

Explicación

Pregunta 2 de 33

1

In molecular testing of microorganisms what are the analyses?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • genome, transcriptome, proteome

  • genome, transcriptome, antibodies

  • lipids, transcriptome, proteome

  • sugars, lipids, amino acids

Explicación

Pregunta 3 de 33

1

Match an organism with a resistance gene target.

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Staphylococcus aureus mecA; Enterococcus: vanA, vanB, and vanC; M.tuberculosis: katG, inhA

  • Staphylococcus aureus vanA, vanB, and vanC; Enterococcus: mecA; M.tuberculosis: katG, inhA

  • Staphylococcus aureus vanA, vanB, and vanC; Enterococcus: katG, inhA; M.tuberculosis: mecA

  • Staphylococcus aureus katG, inhA ; Enterococcus: vanA, vanB, and vanC; M.tuberculosis: mecA

Explicación

Pregunta 4 de 33

1

What are the primary molecular methods used in clinical microbiology laboratory?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • PCR, real time PCR, reverse transcriptase PCR, pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE)

  • PCR, real time PCR, reverse transcriptase PCR,

  • PCR, real time PCR, reverse transcriptase PCR, sequencing,

  • Bisulfite sequencing, PCR, real time PCR, reverse transcriptase PCR, Bisulfite sequencing,

Explicación

Pregunta 5 de 33

1

Which of the following organisms is bardes to lyse?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Mycobacteria and fungi

  • Parasites and Bacteria

  • Parasites and Mycoplasma

  • Fungi and Mycoplasma

Explicación

Pregunta 6 de 33

1

Removal of RNases is essential for analysis of with of the following targets?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • RNA

  • DNA

  • Proteins

  • Ribosomes

  • Centromere

Explicación

Pregunta 7 de 33

1

Which of the following PCR inhibitors is present in the sputum?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Acidic polysaccharides

  • Hemoglobin

  • Heparin

  • Amino acids

  • Aluminum

Explicación

Pregunta 8 de 33

1

It is easier to isolate nucleic acid form the stool the the plasma.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 9 de 33

1

In a PCR procedure a sensitivity control is used to show____

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • lower level of detection

  • lack of contamination

  • quantity of positive product

  • lack of inhibition

Explicación

Pregunta 10 de 33

1

B. pertussis and B. parapertussis target genes are IS481 and IS1001.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 11 de 33

1

Which of the following is a genotypic method for typing organisms?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Antibiogram patterns

  • Pulsed field gel electrophoresis

  • Serotyping

  • Bacteriophage typing

Explicación

Pregunta 12 de 33

1

Pulsed field gel electrophoresis has been performed on two isolates of Escherichia coli that have been isolated from the blood of newborns in the same neonatal unit. The banding pattern of the two isolates differed by two bands. Which of the following is the correct interpretation of these results?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • The isolates are indistinguishable.

  • The isolates are closely related.

  • The isolates are possibly related.

  • The isolates are different.

Explicación

Pregunta 13 de 33

1

Define Epidemic

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • rapidly spreading outbreak of an infectious disease

  • a disease that sweeps across wide geographical areas

  • collection and analysis of environmental, microbiological, and clinical data

Explicación

Pregunta 14 de 33

1

Define Pandemic

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • a disease that sweeps across wide geographical areas

  • rapidly spreading outbreak of an infectious disease

  • collection and analysis of environmental, microbiological, and clinical data

Explicación

Pregunta 15 de 33

1

Define Epidemiology

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • collection and analysis of environmental, microbiological, and clinical data

  • a disease that sweeps across wide geographical areas

  • rapidly spreading outbreak of an infectious disease

Explicación

Pregunta 16 de 33

1

Primary resistance mutations _______

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • affect drug sensitivity but may slow viral growth

  • increase drug sensitivity

  • increase drug uptake

Explicación

Pregunta 17 de 33

1

Secondary-resistance mutations ______

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • compensate for the primary-resistance growth defects

  • do not compensate for the primary-resistance growth defects

  • cancel primary-resistance growth defects

Explicación

Pregunta 18 de 33

1

Which of the following is the molecular target for most epidemiological investigations of Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • katG

  • inhA

  • IS6110

  • IS481

Explicación

Pregunta 19 de 33

1

Which of the following typing methods has high typing capacity, discriminatory power, reproducibility, and moderate ease of use?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Plasmid analysis

  • Ribotyping

  • PCR-RFLP

  • PFGE

Explicación

Pregunta 20 de 33

1

DNA is isolated from a test organism and cut with restriction enzymes. The fragments are ligated to adapters that are complementary to primers that are added to perform a PCR. In a second PCR, selective primers are used to amplify some of the amplicons produced in the first PCR. Finally, the products of the second PCR are separated by gel electrophoresis and analyzed. Which of the following methods was described?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Restriction fragment length polymorphism

  • Amplified fragment length polymorphism

  • Pulsed field gel electrophoresis

  • Arbitrarily primed PCR

Explicación

Pregunta 21 de 33

1

In the interpretation of pulsed field gel electrophoresis patterns, what is the maximum number of bands that can differ between two organisms before those organisms are determined to be different?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • 2

  • 3

  • 5

  • 7

Explicación

Pregunta 22 de 33

1

A PCR assay that uses short primers that amplify random sequences found throughout the genome of the test organism is what variation of PCR?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Arbitrarily primed

  • Amplified fragment length polymorphism

  • Repetitive extragenic palindromic

  • Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus

Explicación

Pregunta 23 de 33

1

The ability of a typing method to distinguish between unrelated strains is which of the following criteria?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Typing capacity

  • Discriminatory power

  • Reproducibility

  • Ease of interpretation

Explicación

Pregunta 24 de 33

1

When a typing method is repeated and the results are the same each time, the method has high:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • ease of test performance

  • discriminatory power

  • typing capacity

  • reproducibility

Explicación

Pregunta 25 de 33

1

Which of the following genes is a target in molecular-based assays and confers resistance to vancomycin in the enterococci?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • inhA

  • mecA

  • vanA

  • gyrA

Explicación

Pregunta 26 de 33

1

A PCR assay on DNA isolated from a nasopharyngeal swab was performed with the following results: amplification using primers to IS481 was positive and using primers to IS1001 was negative. All controls were acceptable. Which of the following organisms was present in this sample?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Bordetella pertussis

  • Bordetella parapertussis

  • Bordetella holmesii

  • Legionella pneumophila

Explicación

Pregunta 27 de 33

1

A PCR assay using primers specific for the autolysin (lytA) gene was performed on a sputum specimen from a 10-year-old girl. The specimen was positive, and all controls were acceptable. Which of the following is the best interpretation of these results?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Definitive diagnosis of Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia

  • Streptococcus pneumoniae is present but clinical significance questionable

  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis detected and girl should be isolated

  • Patient has Chlamydophila pneumoniae pneumonia

Explicación

Pregunta 28 de 33

1

Which of the following molecular-based assay and detected organism combinations has been FDA-approved?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • NASBA for hepatitis C virus

  • TMA for Mycobacterium tuberculosis

  • Hybridization protection assay for group A streptococci

  • Sequencing for Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Explicación

Pregunta 29 de 33

1

PCR with RFLP analysis and reverse hybridization of the 5′ untranslated region of hepatitis C virus is the principle of which of the following commercial assays?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • TRUGENE

  • Cleavase fragment length polymorphism

  • Amplicor HCV

  • Inno-LiPA

Explicación

Pregunta 30 de 33

1

HIV genotyping is performed for which of the following reasons?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Monitor development of antiretroviral drug resistance

  • Confirmation of HIV infection

  • Quantitate amount of HIV in the patient

  • Determine source of HIV

Explicación

Pregunta 31 de 33

1

Which of the following genes is the target in molecular-based assays that are used to quantitate the amount of HIV in a patient?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Protease

  • gag

  • Hemaglutinin

  • ctx-m

Explicación

Pregunta 32 de 33

1

Which of the following molecular-based assays is FDA-approved for the detection of human papillomavirus in endocervical specimens?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • qPCR

  • NASBA

  • TMA

  • Hybrid capture

Explicación

Pregunta 33 de 33

1

Which of the following organisms was one of the first targets for the development and implementation of molecular-based assays used for direct detection of the organism in a clinical specimen?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Mycoplasma pneumoniae

  • Treponema pallidum

  • Chlamydia trachomatis

  • Legionella pneumophila

Explicación