Increasing carbondioxide content of blood results in
increased H+
decreased pH
increased pH
A drop in the body’s production of carbonic anhydrase would:
hinder the formation of carbonic acid.
hinder the formation of oxyhemoglobin.
hinder the formation of carbaminohemoglobin.
do all of the above.
Partial pressure of oxygen is higher lower( higher, lower ) in alveolar air than in venous blood
Internal respiration
also known as systemic gas exchange
occurs between blood and body cells
O2 moves from blood into cells, CO2 moves from cells into blood
all of the above
External respiration is also known as
systemic gas exchange
pulmonary gas exchange
aerobic respiration
Each hemoglobin molecule can carry this many oxygen molecules.
Four
Eight
Two
Six
If the tidal volume were 600 ml, the alveolar ventilation would be about:
550 ml
400 ml
300 ml
250 ml
Carbon dioxide is carried in three forms in the blood. Ranking them from greatest to least amount carried, the sequence would be
dissolved in the plasma, carbaminohemoglobin, and bicarbonate ion
carbaminohemoglobin, bicarbonate ion, and dissolved in plasma
bicarbonate ion, dissolved in plasma, and carbaminohemoglobin
bicarbonate ion, carbaminohemoglobin, and dissolved in plasma
The largest of the paranasal sinuses is the
maxillary
frontal
ethmoid
sphenoid
The structure known as the “Adam’s apple” located in the neck is the
epiglottis
cricoid cartilage
glottis
thyroid cartilage
The structures that deflect air as it passes through the nose are called
choanae
paranasal sinuses
conchae
vibrissae
This part of the respiratory system does not function as an air distributor
trachea
bronchi
bronchioles
alveoli
Gas exchange, the lungs’ main and vital function, takes place in the
secondary bronchi
primary bronchi
All of the above
Which of the following is not a part of the nasal septum?
Perpendicular plate
Cartilage
Vomer
Palatine process
When the diaphragm and external intercostals contract?
thoracic volume increases
thoracic pressure increases
pulmonary pressure
expiration occurs
Which of the following is the last stop for air in the respiratory system?
Trachea
Bronchus
Alveolus
Nose
Pleural cavity is located between?
parietal and visceral pleura
visceral pleura and alveolar sac
parietal pleura and pulmonary capillary
Lungs are made up of?
alveolar sacs
Oxyhemoglobin formation is favored during
internal respiration
none of the above
The tendency of the thorax and lungs to return to the pre-inspiration volume is called
compliance
elastic recoil
expiration
ventilation
The small openings in the cribriform plate function to
a. allow air to move between the nostrils
b. allow branches of the olfactory nerve to enter the cranial cavity and reach the brain
c. provide a filtering system for the inspired air
d. Both A and B
The function of surfactant is to
transport the oxygen from the air to the blood
transport the carbon dioxide from the blood to the air
prevent each alveolus from collapsing as air moves in and out during respiration
trap foreign particles as they enter the bronchial tree
The volume of air available for gas exchange per minute is called?
vital capacity
alveolar vetilation rate
minute respiratory volume
functional residual capacity
In the right lung, the superior and middle lobes are separated by the
horizontal fissure
oblique fissure
bronchopulmonary segments
hilum
At the level of the hyoid bone
the laryngopharynx becomes the esophagus
the oropharynx becomes the laryngopharynx
the nasopharynx becomes the oropharynx
the nasopharynx becomes the laryngopharynx
Much of the nasal passage is lined with this mucous membrane
stratified columnar epithelium
pseudostratified columnar epithelium
simple squamous epithelium
simple columnar epithelium
Which of the following constitutes total lung capacity?
Residual volume and vital capacity
Tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, and expiratory reserve volume
Residual volume and tidal volume
Vital capacity and tidal volume
If the tidal volume of a given individual is 500 ml, then the anatomical dead space is approximately:
50 ml.
100 ml.
150 ml.
200 ml.
In order to inhale we increase decrease( increase, decrease ) the size of our thoracic cavity, which decreases increases( decreases, increases ) internal pressure.
Hypoxia may result with an increase in altitude because
there is a relatively fixed number of erythrocytes
the respiratory rate decreases
the heart is less efficient in pumping blood
atmospheric O2 decreases
The term used to describe the volume of air moving into or out of the lungs during normal inspiration and expiration is
inspiratory and expiratory reserve volume
tidal volume
residual volume
Oxygen is not transported in the blood this way
As oxyhemoglobin
Combined with the bicarbonate ion (HCO3 - )
Dissolved in the plasma
All of the above are used to transport oxygen in the blood.
Boyle law states that the volume of a gas varies:
directly with pressure at a constant temperature
inversely with pressure at a constant temperature
directly with pressure at a constantly changing temperature
inversely with pressure at a constantly changing temperature
Air movement occurs from area of _____ to area of _____?
a. low pressure, high pressure
b. high pressure, low pressure
c. high concenration, low concentration
d. both b and c
What percentage of carbon dioxide we generate is converted to bicarbonate ions in the red blood cells ?
10%
20%
70%
99%
What percentage of carbondioxide is transported bound to hemoglobin.
7%
97%
By the time the blood leaves the lung capillaries to return to the heart, what percentage of the blood’s hemoglobin has united with oxygen?
55%
63%
82%