What would have happened if Avery had added an enzyme that digested all the nucleic acids to the mixture of heat-killed bacteria, added the mixture to harmless bacteria, and injected the mixture into mice?
The harmless bacteria would have been transformed, and the mice would have died.
The harmless bacteria would have been transformed, and the mice would have lived.
The harmless bacteria would not have been transfromed, and the mice would have lived.
The harnless bacteria would not have been transformed, and the mice would have died.
What is inside a bacteriophage?
nucliec acid
carbohydrate
protein
lipid
In what way is DNA like a book?
DNA has information wrapped in an identifying cover.
DNA has information organized with an kind of index.
DNA has information that is periodically updated.
DNA has stored information, that can be copied and passed on.
In which cells is the accurate transmission of information most important?
sex cells
nerve cells
bone cells
skin cells
Which of the following is a nucleotide found in DNA?
deoxyribose + phosphate group + polymerase
deoxyribose + phosphate group + cytosine
adenine + phosphate group + thymine
cytosine + phosphate group + guanine
The table in Figure 12–3 shows the results of measuring the percentages of the four bases in the DNA of several different organisms. Some of the values are missing from the table. Based on Chargaff’s rule, the percentages of guanine bases in chicken DNA should be around
19.9%
21.5%
13.4%
28.8%
Based on Chargaff’s rule, the percentage of cytosine in the DNA of the bacterium, S. Lutea in Figure 12–3, should be around
73.2
29.4%.
26.6%.
36.6%.
Which scientist made x-ray diffraction photos of DNA?
Chargaff
Avery
Franklin
Watson
What is the chronological order of the important discoveries in the structure of DNA?
Griffith-->Avery --> Hershey & Chase--> Franklin makes an X-ray diffraction photo of DNA --> Watson and Crick identify the double helix --> Chargaff’s ratios of nucleotides
Griffith-->Avery --> Hershey & Chase--> Chargaff’s ratios of nucleotides --> Franklin makes an X-ray diffraction photo of DNA --> Watson and Crick identify the double helix
Griffith-->Avery --> Hershey & Chase--> Franklin makes an X-ray diffraction photo of DNA --> Chargaff’s ratios of nucleotides --> Watson and Crick identify the double helix
Griffith-->Avery --> Hershey & Chase--> Chargaff’s ratios of nucleotides --> Watson and Crick identify the double helix --> Franklin makes an X-ray diffraction photo of DNA
Watson and Crick discovered the two strands in DNA
run in oppisite directions.
run in random directions.
run in perpendicular directions.
run in the same direction.
Which bacteria killed the mice in Griffin’s transformation experiment?
live harmful bacteria and heat-killed, harmless bacteria
live harmless bacteria, and live, harmful bacteria
live, harmless bacteria and heat-killed, harmful bacteria
live, harmless bacteria and heat-killed, harmless bacteria
Griffith called the process he observed transformation because
the harmless bacteria had been transformed.
the experiment had been transformed.
the mouse has been transformed.
the harmful bacteria had been transformed.
What did Avery conclude caused transformation?
A protein was the transforming factor.
A carbohydrate was the transforming factor.
DNA was the transforming factor.
A lipid was the transforming factor.
What do bacteriophages infect?
viruses.
bacteria.
mice.
humans.
Why did Hershey and Chase label the viral DNA with radioactive phosphorous and not radioactive sulfur?
DNA contains sulfur and little phosphorous.
Proteins acids contain sulfur and little phosphorous.
DNA contains phosphorus and no sulfur.
Proteins contain phosphorus and no sulfur.
Which part of the bacteriophage in Figure 12–1 is the genetic material?
A
B
C
D
Figure 12–2 shows the structure of (not the structure labeled X, the whole figure.)
a RNA molecule.
a protein.
A DNA molecule.
an amino acid.
Because of base pairing in DNA, the percentage of
adenine molecules in DNA is much greater than the percentage of thymine molecules.
cytosine molecules in DNA is much greater than the percentage of guanine molecules.
adenine molecules in DNA is about equal to the percentage of guanine molecules.
thymine molecules in DNA is about equal to the percentage of adenine molecules
Which two bases pair together in DNA?
thymine and cytosine
cytosine and guanine
adenine and guanine
guanine and thymine
What would Hershey and Chase have concluded if both radioactive 32P and 35S were found in the bacteria in their experiment?
Genes are made of protein and carbohydrates.
Both the virus’s protein coat and its DNA were injected into the bacteria.
The virus’s protein coat was not injected into the bacteria.
The virus’s DNA was not injected into the bacteria.
Bacteriophages inject protein into bacteria, altering the bacteria’s genetic information.
DNA is a nucleic acid made up of nucleosomes joined into long strands or chains by covalent bonds.
The three parts of a DNA nucleotide are the phosphate group, deoxyribose, and the base.
When Griffith destroyed the DNA in his mixture containing various molecules from heat-killed bacteria, transformation no longer occurred.
Watson and Crick discovered that covalent bonds hold base pairs together at the center of a strand of DNA.
The structure labeled X in Figure 12–2 is a(an) .
The matching strand to the one in Figure 12–7, reading from the bottom up, would be .
The Watson and Crick model of DNA is a(an) , in which two strands are wound around each other.
In figure 12–8, the percentage of guanine would be .
What stores information in a cell?
LIpid
Carbohydrate
DNA
Protein
Interpret Visuals What process did Griffith identify in the series of experiments in Figure 12–11?
Compare and Contrast In which experiments in Figure 12–11 do the mice live?
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