Marine Vertebrates

General characteristics of fish

General characteristics of amphibians

General characteristics of reptiles

General characteristics of birds

General characteristics of mammals

what is microevolution

what is macroevolution

what is the relationship of chordates to other animals revealed by?

what are evolutionary systematics and cladistic systematics

characteristics of protostomes

characteristics of deuterostomes

what is holoblastic cleavage

what is meroblastic cleavage

what is radial cleavage

what is spiral cleavage

characteristics of phylum chordata

what is Hox gene complex

characteristics of subphylum vertebrata

methods of fish taxonomy

characteristics of soft anatomy of anatomical fish taxonomy

two classes of agnatha

characteristics of myxini

characteristics of cephalaspidomorphi

morphology of chondrichthyes

anatomy of chondrichthyes

olfactory system of chondrichthyes

what is intertial/pressure drag

what is viscous/frictional drag

where is heart positioned in all fish?

fish heart: form and function

what are the conus and bulbus arteriosus?

what is function of operculum?

describe the expansion/suction pump phase of respiration

what is Bohr shift

what is Root shift

respiratory anatomy of hagfish

respiratory anatomy of lamprey

modified gill structures to assist aerial respiration

modified extra-branchial structures in aerial respiration

osmoregulation in freshwater species

are freshwater fish hyper or hypo osmotic to their environment?

what is the problem with this?

osmoregulation in marine species

are marine fish hyper or hypo osmotic to their environment?

what are the problems of this?

What visual pigment is produced by vitamin A1

What visual pigment is produced by vitamin A2

What pigment dominates in
-- seawater
-- freshwater
-- migratory species

explain the lateral line

explain electrical fish

examples of sound production in fish

Diversity of predation methods which is shown by adaptations in ...

what is the change from herbivorous to carnivorous predation during development called?

what are defence mechanisms classed as?

what is size important for?

when are smaller larvae more likely to survive

when are larger larvae more likely to survive

define iteroparous

define semelparous

define
a) protogynous
b) protoandrous

what is gross growth efficiency (GGE)

what is transfer efficiency (TE)

what does fishing act as?

what are the environmental impacts of fishing

how can regulation help recovery of fisheries?

what feature is helpful in identifying reptiles?

features of the amniotic egg

what is ammonotelism?

what is ureotelism?

what is uricotelism?

general morphology/anatomy of crocodiles and aligators

features of crocodile/alligator skull

features of crocodile/alligator skeleton

examples of locomotion in crocodiles/alligators

what is gular/palatal valve? (crocodiles/alligators)

what is aestivation/brumation
(crocodiles/alligators)

TSD in crocodiles/alligators

why do sea snakes have light sensitivity in the tail end?

role of temperature in embryonic development of turtles

what is a satellite relay data logger (SRDL)?

what use are SRDL data?

principle threats to turtle nesting beach

features of archaeopteryx

What are Huxleys 5 conditions of being a bird

features of birds

when did modern birds first emerge?

what are the two major groups that make up modern bird radiation

what are the 4 major clusters of neognaths

what is the interorbital septum
(birds)

what are the differences between the 2 palatal types - neognaths and palaeognaths?

what are key features of modern bird skeleton

features of bird beak

what are maxillary overhangs
(birds)

what are herbst corpuscles
(birds)

what are totipalmate feet?
(birds)

how are grebe feet different to other birds feet?

what is the zygodactyl foot
(birds)

what is the pamprodactyl foot in swifts

adaptations of marine iguanas

characteristics of dugongs

characteristics of manatees

what is the function of horizontal diaphragm in sirenians

aquatic adaptations of otters

skeletal adaptations of polar bear to cold marine environment

describe bubble netting in humpback whales

what is brachycardia

what is peripheral vasocontriction

what happens during very deep dives by cetaceans

how could you approximately measure the population of a species?

list disturbances to whales

what is an ascoban?

what is an accobam?