In some countries, polio is still common. Give two advantages of continuing with a polio immunisation programme in the UK.

Food will keep longer if its placed in a refrigerator at 2°C. Refrigeration doesn't kill bacteria.
What does the low temperature do to bacteria?

Most drugs that kill bacteria cannot be used to treat viral infections.
Explain why.

Explain why a mutation of the Influenza virus might cause another Influenza pandemic.

Antibiotics are now used in hospitals. What is an antibiotic and what does it do?

MRSA is causing problems in hospitals.
Give one reason why.

How can the work of Semmelweiss help to reduce the problems caused by MRSA?

Describe how a student could test for carbon dioxide. Give the result of the test.

Name four properties of transition metals.

The use of titanium is limited because it is expensive.
Explain why titanium costs more than steel.

A new way to extract copper from land that contains low percentages of copper sulphide is phytomining.
Give to advantages of phytomining over the traditional method (2)

Some slimming programmes include daily exercise.
Explain how daily exercise helps a person lose mass/weight.

What type of chemical is released by some white blood cells to attack viruses.

Hepatitis B is more likely to be spread among people who share needles when they inject drugs.
Why is this so?