Feudalism is NOT what type of system
Economic
Romanesque
Political
Social
The origins of the manorial system can be traced back to the
Byzantine Empire
High Roman Empire
Ancient Egypt
Carolingian Empire
Feudalism predominated...
in all Europe
in Western Europe
in Eastern Europe
in southern Europe
When did Feudalism predominate ?
between the 8th and 12th centuries
between the 9th and 13th centuries
between the fall of Rome until the 13th century
between the 10th and 13th centuries
What elements did the kingdoms in Western Europe share after the Carolingian Empire?
Christianity and Feudalism
Christianity and Emperor
Feudalism and Emperor
Orthhodox Christianity and Feudalism
Feudal kings were considered
Divine
Representatives of God
Messengers of the Gods
Emperors
Kings were also considered 'primus inter pares', which in Latin means
First among the people
First among equals
First among cousins
All monarchs were relatives
The powers of Feudal monarchs were
absolute
strong
weak
tyrannical
The king had NOT got any role
Leading military campaigns.
Raising special taxes
As supreme judge
As head of the Church
The 'Curia Regia' or Royal Council was
an assembly of the nobiliity and the clergy with an advisory role
an assembly of the nobiliity and the clergy with a decision-making role
an assembly of the nobiliity, the clergy and the peasants with an advisory role
the entourage of the monarch, from which he obtained advice
From the 10th century, the leader of the Holy Roman Empire was...
elected
the Pope
Charlemagne
hereditary
Who attacked Western Europe in the 9th century?
Vikings, Carolingians and Muslims
Muslims, Byzantines and Vikings
Vikings, Magyars and Carolingians
Vikings, Muslims and Magyars
Among the consequences of the atttacks of the Vikings, Magyars and Muslims we find
security
increase in trade
insecurity
the use of the Mare Nostrum
The manorial system or vassalage is a relationship
Between the Church and the Clergy
Between two free men
Based on kings gaining power
Based on mutual protection
The manorial system was sealed by
auxilium et consilium
the Commendation ceremony
the fief
the Fealty ceremony
In the vassalage, what could the peasants provide?
Labour
Land
Security
Advice
What did the nobility give the knights in the vassalage?
Taxes
Define 'Fief':
Rural estate granted by serfs
Rural estate granted by the peasants
Rural estate granted by lords
Urban estate given by the king
What did the fief or fiefdom mean for the vassal?
Protection
Income
Pastures
Loyalty
The division of the fief was
Lord and vassal
Demesne and holdings
Demesne and pastures
Pastures and holdings
The demesne of the fief
was exploited by the lord
was exploited by free peasants
had cities
promoted trade
In addition to economic exploitation of the fief, what other roles did the lords have over it?
Taxes and justice
Justice and art
Crops and forests
Art and culture
Actually, there was no so much trade mostly because
of security
the fiefs were self-sufficient
the castle gave crafts
there were no artisans
Self-sufficiency meant that
they could not provide what they needed
they could sell their products
the did not need anything from the outside
the base of economy was craftwork
The mill, oven and press belonged to
the king
the lord
the monks
the free peasants
The free peasants had to pay taxes to the lord, but also
helped in the churches
had to do some services for the lord
worked the demesne
pay taxes to the king
Agricultural productivity was
Low
Frequent
Massive
Rudimentary
It was low because of the
plague
climate
techniques
livestock
Agricultural technique used during Feudalism
Two-year crop rotation
Three-year crop rotation
Roman plough
Iron-wheeled mouldboard plough
How much field do you work more when you change the 2 year to the 3-year crop rotation?
50 %
most of the times 66 %
16 %
it depends on how much you leave fallow
The main agricultural tool during Feudalism was the
Greek plough
Neolithic plough
The main source of income for a peasant was
taxes
his own work
craftwork
The definition of "estates of the realm" is:
Market where traders met
Ceremony
Closed social groups
Hierarchical organisation
Each social group had a role... what was the role of the 'oratores'
Fight
Pray
Work
Rule
Who was never vassal?
The Dukes
The Bishops
The Kings
The free peasants
Who was the head of the Church?
The Pope
The Patriarch
The Archbishop
The King
The basic social division in Feudalism was between privileged and non-privileged... Which of the following was NOT privileged?
Slaves
Marquis
Villeins
Abbot
Classify 'abbot' in the feudal social structure
Low secular clergy
High regular clergy
High secular clergy
Low regular clergy
Example of lower secular clergy
Bishops
Monks
Parish priests
Abbots
Lower nobility
Duke
Monk
Knight
High nobility
King
Baron
Bishop
The tax that peasants had to pay to the church was called...
Demesne
Tax
Tithe
VAT
The tithe was around what percentage of the peasants income?
5 %
10 %
25 %
The serfs
were free
were slaves
could not marry
were tied to the land
Where did pilgrimages go?
Holy Land
Holy places
Rome
Mecca
The 'scriptoria' of the monasteries were used for
eating
cooking
praying
reading and copying manuscripts
Secular clergy is characterised by
living in the fields
living in monasteries
living in towns and villages
nomadic lifestyle
Feudal Miliitary Orders were
Monastic orders
Warrior-monks
Orders sent by the king
Set of rules and regulations
What were the Crusades?
Pilgrimages
Trade routes
Military expeditions
Geographical explorations
The sets of regulations for monasteries were called
divine office
orders
laws
rights
Characteristic of Romanesque art
Rural
Urban
Thick
Military
Main buildings in Romanesque architecture
Palaces
Prisons
Churches
Castles
Main holding elements in Romanesque architecture
Walls and buttresses
Columns and semi-circular arches
Buttresses and semi-circular arches
Groin vaults and walls
Walls in Romanesque churches were
thick
reinforced with pillars
open to the public
covered with glass
Most important type of floor plan in Romanesque architecture
Greek-cross
Latin-cross
Basilica
Centralised
The central point of the church, where the two naves meet, is the
ambulatory
crossing
nave
altar
Which of the following is not a hold element in Romanesque architecture?
Semi-circular arch
Groin vault
Barrel vault
Pointed arch
When we paint and adapt what we are painting to the surface we say that it is adapted to the
frame
space
didactic
tympanum
A Pantocrator represents
the Evangelists
Virgin with Child
Christ blessing
Christ in the cross
The representation of Virgin with Child more common in Romanesque art is called:
tempera
Theothrone
Free standing
Gospel