What is developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH)?

Incidence: 2:1000 (but up to 20:1000 newborn hips are unstable; 90% spontaneously stabilize by 9/52). What are the risk factors?

DS progression = Capsular laxity + shallow acetabulum → instability/subluxation/dislocation → muscle contracture → progressive acetabular dysplasia with a fibrofatty substance filling the acetabulum; femoral head becomes hypoplastic. What is the typical Hx?

All newborn infants are screened for DDH before discharge. Describe how you would perform Ortolani's & Barlow's test.

Ix of DDH pre & post 6/12.

Rx of DDH.

What is postional talipes & how is it corrected?

What is talipes equinovarus?

Rx of talipes equinovarus.

What is talipes calcaneovalgus?