HIV and AIDS

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HIV and AIDS has a natural reservoir in monkeys. This virus most likely made the jump from monkeys to humans when:

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Dr. Gottlieb is:

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In 1981, with the emergence of HIV and AIDS, many young, homosexual males started coming down with Kaposi's sarcoma. Kaposi's sarcoma is:

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In 1981, these two diseases were the most common indicators of people who had come down with HIV.

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Which of the following are ways HIV and AIDS can be transferred? Check ALL that apply.

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Gaëtan Dugas was written about in the book 'And The Band Played On: Politics, People and the AIDS Epidemic'. He was an important figure in AIDS research because:

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In response to HIV, the immune system is attacked, and antibodies cannot be generated quickly. This is why from 3 weeks to 6 months an antibody test on an infected person might mistakenly turn up a:

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The first symptoms of HIV within the first two weeks commonly appears to be:

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If you want the most accurate results for if you have HIV, you should get an antibody test.

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The most common way for HIV to be transferred between mother and child is:

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Giving an HIV-positive mother a dose of HIV drugs before birth and a dose to the child up to 72 hours after birth can greatly reduce likelihood of permanent HIV infection in the child.

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Approximately what percent of all people living with AIDS live in Sub-Saharan Africa?

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In HIV, the genome is contained in:

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In order to make DNA out of their RNA, retroviruses like HIV use an enzyme called:

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In viral cell attachment, there are multiple steps. First, ❌ must bind to two receptors to get into the host cell. Once in the cell, the virus' ❌ turns RNA into DNA. The enzyme ❌ enables integration of viral DNA into cellular DNA. After this, the enzyme ❌ cleaves polypeptides into functional ❌. Lastly, the virus ❌ from the cell wall and leaves to infect other cells.

GP120

reverse transcriptase

integrase

protease

buds

HIV-1 proteins

mRNA

immune system

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For HIV Chemotherapy, one of the treatments is HAART. HAART stands for:

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Inhibitors of viral enzymes can be competitive or non-competitive. With competitive inhibitors, the inhibitor:

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The HAART treatment commonly helps patients survive:

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All cells will make viruses once they are infected with HIV.

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AZT is a competitive inhibitor for HIV. It stops reverse transcriptase from making viral DNA by:

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A similar competitive inhibitor to AZT, Lamivudine was initially used for HIV patients, but found to be more effective combating:

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This drug is used for best prevention of mother to child HIV transmission, as it is very safe:

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In America, these are the proportion of HIV infected individuals at each stage of care.
Of all patients with HIV,

80% - ❌
62% - ❌
41% - ❌
36% - ❌
28% - ❌

Are diagnosed.

Are linked to HIV care.

Are retained in HIV care.

Are on antiretroviral therapy.

Have a suppressed viral load.

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HAART requires 5 years of continuous viral treatment with full adherence to eliminate HIV in the body.

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During HAART treatment, it's possible for patients to experience ARV (anti-retroviral) failure. This is most commonly caused by:

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To enter the Helper T cell, the HIV receptor must bind to two receptors:

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Timmothy Brown is a famous patient in HIV treatment because:

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HIV most commonly attacks Helper T cells. This is is a problem because:

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HIV can infect the brain if it's transported into it by this cell, which has clearance into the brain:

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In HIV patients, the relationship between helper T cells and antibodies is commonly as follows:

NATS1670 Test on Aids and HIV