The major function of ribosomes is to synthesize
proteins
carbohydrates
fats
cholesterol
Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane in the presence of at least one impermeant solute is referred to as
diffusion
osmosis
phagocytosis
pinocytosis
Main cell structures include all of the following except
organelles
plasma membrane
blood plasma
cytoplasm
The physical process by which water and solute move through a membrane when a hydrostatic pressure gradient exists across the membrane is the process of
dialysis
filtration
If a 20% glucose solution is separated from a 10% glucose solution by a permeable membrane
glucose would move from the 20% solution to the 10% solution
water would move from the 10% solution to the 20% solution
water would move from the 20% solution to the 10% solution
Chromosomes and chromatin are both forms of DNA
Transcription can be best described as the
degradation of tRNA
reading of mRNA codons by tRNA
replication of DNA
synthesis of mRNA
The major direct cell connections are tight junctions, gap junctions, and desmosomes
Rough endoplasmic reticulum looks rough because there are mitochondria attached to it
Preparation of protein molecules for cellular exportation is the function of which of the following organelles?
Golgi apparatus
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
rough endoplasmic reticulum
mitochondria
The structure that separates the contents of a cell from the surrounding tissue is known as
centrosome
The number of mitochondria in a cell is basically related to its degree of activity
Which of the following is a functional characteristic of ribosomes?
manufacture of mRNA
protein synthesis
DNA replication
housing of DNA
An individual’s entire set of DNA can be referred to as:
chromatid
genome
cytokinesis
Which of the following is not true of RNA?
It is a single strand
It contains uracil rather than thymine
The obligatory base pairs are adenine and uracil, and guanine and cytosine
It contains deoxyribose sugar
A saline solution that contains a higher concentration of salt than a living red blood cell would be
isotonic
hypotonic
hypertonic
A DNA molecule is characterized by all of the following except
double helix shape
obligatory base pairing
ribose sugar
phosphate groups
A 10% solution of NaCl has a higher concentration of water than a 10% solution of glucose
Homeostasis can best be described as:
a constant state maintained by living and nonliving organisms
a state of relative constancy
adaptation to external environment
changes in body temperature
Phagocytosis is an example of
exocytosis
endocytosis
passive transport
facilitated diffusion
A frontal section divides the body into
upper and lower portions
right and left portions
front and back portions
Positive feedback control systems
have no effect on the deviation from set point
accelerate a change
ignore a change
The functions of the nucleus are actually regulated by RNA
Granules or threads within the nucleus are called
microfilaments
chromatin
nucleotides
microtubules
A sequence of three bases forms a(n)
codon
anticodon
amino acid
polypeptide bond
With reference to the left elbow, the left shoulder would be the contralateral shoulder.
The anticodon on the tRNA molecule is exactly the same nucleotide sequence as the DNA code that formed that part of the mRNA molecule except that uracil would replace thymine.
The G1 and G2 phases of cell growth are separated by:
anaphase
the S phase
telophase
anaphase and telophase.
The pairing of bases of a strand of DNA is obligatory. If a strand of DNA were composed of the base sequence of ATCG, what would be the obligated sequence of its opposing base pairs?
TAGC
CGAT
GCTA
ATCG
Ribosomes attached to the endoplasmic reticulum are responsible for making proteins for export out of the cell.
Proximal and distal are opposite directional terms in humans.
In the cell membrane, the hydrophilic part of the phospholipid molecule:
A. faces the exterior of the cell
B. faces the interior of the cell
C. is in the center of the phospholipid bilayer.
D. A and B.
When the chromosomes align themselves across the equator of the spindle fibers, it is characteristic of which phase of mitosis?
prophase
metaphase
Projections from the cell that move materials and mucus are:
cilia
flagella
microvilli
A plane through the body that would divide the body into anterior and posterior portions is:
sagittal
median
coronal
transverse
A hypertonic solution contains:
a greater concentration of solute than the cell.
the same concentration of solute as the cell.
a lesser concentration of solute than the cell.
none of the above.
Each of the following is an example of the plasma membrane function except:
boundary
self-identification
receptor sites
production of proteins
A nucleotide of a DNA molecule consists of a ribose sugar, phosphoric acid, and a nitrogenous base.
The abdominopelvic cavity contains all of the following except the:
kidneys
gallbladder
right lung
urinary bladder
An organ is one organizational step lower than a(n):
system
cell
organelle.
tissue
Dialysis is a form of filtration that results in a separation of small and large solute particles.
ATP production occurs within which organelle?
flagellum
mitochondrion
Genes determine polypeptide structure, which determines the structure of enzymes and structural proteins, which determine the cell’s functions and structure.
Shivering to try to raise your body temperature back to normal would be an example of:
A. the body trying to maintain homeostasis
B. a positive feedback mechanism
C. a negative feedback mechanism
D. A and C
Which of the following statements is true?
Amino acid chains form DNA.
The site of transcription is within the nucleus, while the site of translation is in the cytoplasm.
Uracil is present in DNA in place of thymine.
None of the above.
The structure in white blood cells associated with the enzymatic breakdown of foreign material is the:
lysosome
ribosome
centriole
In anatomical position, the person is standing erect with arms at the sides and palms dorsal.
Visceral peritoneum would cover which of the following organs?
heart
intestines
lungs
spinal cord
The action of a gene is determined by the arrangement of the obligatory base pairs in the nucleotides composing a DNA molecule.
Ventral and posterior are synonymous terms
Which organelle processes and packages material to be secreted?
nucleolus
The head, neck, arms, and legs make up the axial skeleton.
Which of the following is not a function of the plasma membrane?
receptor site for messages
selective barrier
control center of the cell
Two major cavities of the human body are:
ventral/dorsal
inferior/superior
visceral/parietal
axial/appendicular
The bone of the upper arm is deep to the muscles that surround and cover it.
The basic unit of structure and function in the human body is a(n):
atom
gene
DNA molecule.
The correct arrangement of the phases of mitosis is:
anaphase, telophase, metaphase, prophase
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
prophase, anaphase, metaphase, telophase
anaphase, metaphase, prophase, telophase.
When many similar cells specialize to perform a certain function, it is referred to as:
organelle
organ system complex
organism
In certain situations, cells “commit suicide.” This function would be carried out by the lysosomes.
In normal mitosis, the two daughter cells are identical genetically to the parent cell.
The organelles that can digest and destroy microbes that invade the cell are:
peroxisomes
ribosomes
lysosomes
DIFFUSION REQUIRES
semipermeable membrane
a concentration gradient
ions
none of the above
Peroxisomes contain enzymes that detoxify harmful substances.
A specialized cell structure that propels the sperm is the:
cilium
microvillus
microtubule
Diffusion of particles through a membrane by means of a carrier molecule is called:
Dialysis
Which of the following is not a major tissue of the body?
cutaneous tissue
epithelial tissue
connective tissue
nervous tissue
The major energy production site of the cell is the:
endoplasmic reticulum
The centrosome cytoskeleton centriole ribosome( centrosome, cytoskeleton, centriole, ribosome ) is often called the microtubule-organizing center.
Materials can be moved from a low concentration to a high concentration through:
active transport
Glycoproteins on the cell membrane would prevent someone with type A blood from accepting type B blood.
The ventral body cavity contains the:
thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities
heart and lungs only
digestive and reproductive organs
brain and spinal cord
Negative feedback mechanisms
minimize changes in blood glucose levels
maintain homeostasis
are responsible for an increased rate of sweating when air temperature is higher than body temperature
all of the above