Peripheral pulses are not palpable when the mean arterial pressure is less than:
100 mm Hg
85 mm Hg
60 mm Hg
50 mm Hg
Following resuscitation from shock, reperfusion may initiate:
Bone marrow suppression
Hypertension
Hypotension
Production of oxygen-free radicals
Shock can be defined as:
Increased metabolic rate
Impaired oxygen delivery to the tissues
Vasoconstriction and decreased heart rate
Vasodilation and hypothermia
The standard dose of plasma for a dog or cat is:
15 to 20 ml/kg
5 to 10 ml/kg
1 to 2 ml/kg
20 to 40 ml/kg
Aggressive Fluid Therapy is contraindicated in which type of shock?
Hypovolemic
Cardiogenic
Anaphylactic
Septic
The clinical signs of pneumothorax typically include:
Brick red mucous membranes
Rapid, shallow breathing
Hypersalivation
Poor mentation
The standard blood collection from a donor dog or cat is:
15 to 20 mls/kg
5 to 10 mls/kg
1 to 2 mls/kg
20 to 40 mls/kg
A fractious cat presents in severe respiratory distress. What is the best way to immediately provide oxygen?
Nasal cannula
Flow-by oxygen
Oxygen Mask
Small Oxygen chamber or tank
A potent diuretic commonly used in the treatment of pulmonary edema:
Dobutamine
Furosemide
Dexamethasone Sodium Phophate
Nitroglycerin
The recommended setting for electrical defibrillation is:
2 to 4 joules/kg
10 to 20 joules/kg
40 + joules/kg
<15 joules for most companion animals
The presence of ECG complexes with no cardiac contractions to generate a pulse is termed:
Sinus bradycardia
Pulseless Electrical activity
Ventricular fibrillation
Asystole
A vagus-mediated arrest can occur in patients experiencing:
Internal bleeding
Rib fractures
Severe vomiting
High fever
Endotracheal intubation and ventilation with an Ambu bag with room air provides:
100% oxygen
43% oxygen
21% oxygen
No oxygen at all
Which of the following is indicated in the treatment of ventricular fibrillation?
Sodium bicarbonate
Naloxone
Electrical Defibrillation
Atropine
Serial neurologic assessments should be done hourly on the post arrest patient. This can be achieved by:
Monitoring for CP deficits
Pupillary light response testing
Changes in pulse quality
Monitoring body temperature
Acute renal failure is common in the post-arrest patient. What is the best way to monitor renal function?
Serial body weighing
Placement of a urinary catheter to quantify urine output
Electrolyte analysis
Monitor central venous pressure
When monitoring patients on fluids, urine output is an important consideration. The normal urine production for a healthy animal is:
5 to 10 mls/kg/hr
1 to 2 mls/kg/hr
15 to 20 mls/kg/hr
25 to 30 mls/kg/hr
Nonrenal causes of increased levels of urea might include which of the following
Fluid and hydration levels
The amount of protein ingested
Malabsorption
Insufficient ADH
Which of the following substances is a byproduct of metabolism, produced at a constant rate, and filtered out by the glomeruli?
Urea
Creatinine
Glucose
Na
Decrease in albumin may occur in which of the following?
Chronic liver disease
Carnivorous diet
Gastroenteritis
Vegetarian diet
When evaluating the liver of dogs and cats, AST should be evaluated in conjunction with which of the following?
ALT
Lipase
LDH
The glomeruli of both kidneys must be nonfunctional to what degree before the serum chemistry changes?
10%
20%
50%
70%
The average urine specific gravity for a normal dog is
1.025
1.035
1.040
1.045
Appetite can be stimulated by all of the following except:
Certain medications
Warming the food
Sense of smell
Refrigerating the food
An advantage of a nasoesophageal (NE) tube over a gastrotomy tube would include:
It does not require general anesthesia to put the tube in
You can use regular dog or cat food with the NE tube
The NE tube can be left in place longer than a gastrotomy tube.
There is less chance of aspiration pneumonia with a NE tube.
Enteral Feeding is:
The process of going enterals
Feeding at timed intervals
Feeding orphans
Feeding via the gastrointestinal tract
The following would all be good methods of inducing a cat to eat except:
Heating the food
Putting a towel in front of the cage
Sprinkling the food with onion powder to increase the olfactory properties of the food
Placing the food in a wide bowl
If there were no contraindications for the following feeding routes, the best route would be via:
The cephalic vein
The jugular vein
A gastric tube
Femoral artery
Which of the following is not a concern when assisting a surgeon in a C-section:
Minimizing anesthetic drugs that may pass on to the puppies
Minimizing the time the mother is in dorsal recumbency because of the weight of the uterus on the aorta
Suctioning fluid from the puppies' nasal cavity and mouth to stimulate breathing
Intubating the puppies
The least desirable anesthetic protocol for an emergency C section is:
Epidural block
Barbiturate anesthetic
Neuromuscular blocker
Propofol and isoflurane
All of the statements regarding caesarian sections are true, except :
Bloody vaginal discharge is to be expected
The newborns delivered by caesarian section are under the effects of anesthesia
The surgical incision should not be observed daily by the owner because it is best not to disturb the nursing newborns
The newborn should be immediately removed from the membranous sac covering its body on removal from the uterus
All of the statements regarding caesarian sections are true, except
Once the newborns are removed, the mother is out of danger and most of the technicians attention should be on the newborns
A caesarian section is also known as a hysterotomy
For some breeds of dogs such as English Bulldogs, it is expected that a caesarian section will need to be performed
Wait to put the mother with the newborns until after she has adequately recovered from anesthesia.
What has occurred in neonatal isoerythrolysis?
Neonate makes antibodies against its erythrocytes
Neonate inherits antibodies against its erythrocytes
Neonate gets antibodies against its own erythrocytes from colostrum.
Neonate cannot make T or B cells
