Anti-epileptics Flashcard Supplement

Pregunta 1 de 63

1

Which of the following are First Generation anti-epileptics?

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Phenytoin
Carbamazepine
Ethosuximide
Pregabalin
Phenobarbital
Levetiracetam
Valproic acid
Felbamate
Clonazepam

Explicación

Pregunta 2 de 63

1

Which of the following are Second Generation anti-epileptics?

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Topiramate
Oxcarbazepine
Phenytoin
Pregabalin
Ethosuximide
Valproic acid
Felbamate
Lamotrigine
Gabapentin
Levetiracetam

Explicación

Pregunta 3 de 63

1

Rellena el espacio en blanco para completar el texto.

is chronic disorder characterized by recurring seizures.

Explicación

Pregunta 4 de 63

1

Pharmacological treatment can control but not cure epilepsy.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

VERDADERO
FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 5 de 63

1

Rellena el espacio en blanco para completar el texto.

Status epilepticus is a medical .

Explicación

Pregunta 6 de 63

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❌ – no evidence of localized onset
 ❌ – sudden onset, abrupt cessation; 10-45 sec duration; may occur >100 times per day; characterized by a spike and wave pattern on EEG; patient may simply stare (daydream) or show postural changes, autonomic phenomena, automatisms
 ❌ – tonic rigidity of all extremities, followed by relaxation, then by massive jerking of the body; patient is groggy/disoriented afterwards, urinary incontinence is common, 1-2 min duration
 ❌ – increased tone of all muscles
 ❌ – sudden loss of postural tone
 ❌ – muscles spasm and limbs jerk; contractions and relaxations repeat rapidly

Arrastra y suelta para completar el texto.

Generalized

Absence

Tonic-clonic

Tonic

Atonic

Myoclonic

Simple

Complex

Secondarily generalized

Focal

Explicación

Pregunta 7 de 63

1

❌ – seizure initiates in a specific site
 ❌ – focal seizure precedes a generalized
tonic-clonic seizure
 ❌ – minimal spread within brain; often clonic jerking, no
diminished awareness, 20-60 sec duration
 ❌ – localized onset but discharge spreads; alteration of
consciousness (but not unconscious), automatisms (integrated
motor behavior, e.g. lip smacking, button picking)

Arrastra y suelta para completar el texto.

Focal (partial)

Secondarily generalized

Simple

Complex

Tonic-clonic

Absence

Tonic

Atonic

Clonic and myoclonic

Explicación

Pregunta 8 de 63

1

Classify the following seizures:

 ❌:
“When it starts, she suddenly shrieks with this unnatural cry, then she falls, and every muscle in her body seems to be
activated. Her teeth clench. Shortly after she falls, her arms and upper body start to jerk while her legs are more or less still stiff. This is the longest part of the seizure. Then it finally stops and she passes into a deep sleep.”

 ❌
"He is a 7 year old boy. He often “blanks out” for a few seconds. His teacher calls his name, but he doesn’t seem to
hear her. He usually blinks a few times, and his eyes may roll up a bit. Then he is right back where he left off. Some days he has more than 50 of these spells.”

 ❌
"They start with a tingling in the right thumb. Then the thumb starts jerking. In a few seconds, the whole right hand is jerking. The jerking spreads up my arm. When it reaches the shoulder, I pass out and people tell me that my whole body starts to jerk.”

Arrastra y suelta para completar el texto.

Secondary Generalization Focal Seizure

Generalized Absence Seizure

Generalized Tonic-Clonic Seizure

Generalized Tonic Seizure

Generalized Atonic Seizure

Complex Focal Seizure

Simple Focal Seizure

Explicación

Pregunta 9 de 63

1

Rellena los espacios en blanco para completar el texto.

What are the goals of therapy with anti-epileptics?
Improve by:
 Controlling
 Rarely are seizures eliminated; even occasional seizures are still a concern for patients
 Minimizing
 Usually lifelong treatment

Explicación

Pregunta 10 de 63

1

Which anti-epileptic drugs have the following mechanism of action?
Inhibit voltage dependent Na+ channels

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

oxcarbazepine
phenytoin
valproate
topiramate
felbamate
gabapentin
carbamazepine
clonazepam
lamotrigine
ethosuximide

Explicación

Pregunta 11 de 63

1

Which anti-epileptic drugs have the following mechanism of action?
Inhibit glutamate receptors

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

valproate
felbamate
phenobarbital
oxcarbazepine
pregabalin
topiramate

Explicación

Pregunta 12 de 63

1

Which anti-epileptic drugs have the following mechanism of action?
Modulate glutamate release (putative)

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

levetiracetam
pregabalin
topiramate
ethosuximide
felbamate
gabapentin

Explicación

Pregunta 13 de 63

1

Which anti-epileptic drugs have the following mechanism of action?
Increase inhibitory neurotransmission
 Enhance GABA-A activity (positive allosteric modulation)

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

ethosuximide
clonazepam
lamotrigine
phenobarbital
valproate
topiramate

Explicación

Pregunta 14 de 63

1

Which anti-epileptic drugs have the following mechanism of action?
Inhibit T-type Ca2+ channels
 Depolarization of thalamic neurons activates cortical neurons

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

topiramate
carbamazepine
clonazepam
valproate
ethosuximide
phenytoin

Explicación

Pregunta 15 de 63

1

Selecciona la opción correcta de los menús desplegables para completar el texto.

In a normal neuron (A), excitation
and inhibition are ( balanced, unbalanced )

Neurons susceptible to seizure
activity show ( increased, decreased ) inhibition (B)
or ( increased, decreased ) excitation (C)

(D) ( Increasing, Decreasing ) GABA activity can
( increase, decrease ) seizure activity in both
situations

(D) Similarly, ( increasing, decreasing ) Glutamate activity
can also ( increase, decrease ) seizure activity

Explicación

Pregunta 16 de 63

1

Rellena los espacios en blanco para completar el texto.

Block voltage-activated calcium channels
− Neurons in thalamus are dependent on calcium channel
currents for depolarization
− Blocking these channels slows the
− Depolarization of neurons activates neurons

Explicación

Pregunta 17 de 63

1

Which four of the following are drugs of choice for Focal Epileptic Seizures?

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Valproate
Gabapentin
Oxcarbazepine
Pregabalin
Carbamazepine
Ethosuximide
Topiramate
Phenytoin
Lamotrigine
Levetiracetam

Explicación

Pregunta 18 de 63

1

Which five of the following are alternative drugs for Focal Epileptic Seizures?

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Valproate
Topiramate
Gabapentin
Oxcarbazepine
Phenytoin
Clonazepam
Carbamazepine
Levetiracetam
Pregabalin
Lamotrigine

Explicación

Pregunta 19 de 63

1

Which three of the following are drugs of choice for Primary GTC Seizures?

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Topiramate
Valproate
Lamotrigine
Levetiracetam
Phenytoin
Pregabalin

Explicación

Pregunta 20 de 63

1

Which two of the following are alternative drugs for Primary GTC Seizures?

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Topiramate
Phenytoin
Levetiracetam
Gabapentin
Valproate
Lamotrigine

Explicación

Pregunta 21 de 63

1

Which two of the following are drugs of choice for Absence Seizures?

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Topiramate
Clonazepam
Ethosuximide
Lamotrigine
Valproate
Levetiracetam

Explicación

Pregunta 22 de 63

1

Which two of the following are alternative drugs for Absence Seizures?

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Topiramate
Ethosuximide
Lamotrigine
Clonazepam
Valproate
Levetiracetam

Explicación

Pregunta 23 de 63

1

Which five of the following are some of the adverse effects of Phenytoin?

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Hiccups
Hepatic failure
Nystagmus
Depression
Diplopia
Gingival hyperplasia
Mild parasthesias
Acne / Hirsuitism / Coarsening of facial features
Anorexia
Concern with HLA-B*1502 allele and skin reactions

Explicación

Pregunta 24 de 63

1

Which six of the following are some of the adverse effects of Phenytoin?

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

May interfere with learning
Sedation
Ataxia
Rare serious blood dyscrasias
Fulminant hepatitis
Folate and Vitamin D deficiencies (megaloblastic anemia, osteomalacia)
Transient diplopia
Dizziness
Involuntary movements
Mild parasthesias

Explicación

Pregunta 25 de 63

1

Which five of the following are some of the adverse effects of Carbamazepine and Oxcarbazepine?

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Ataxia
Hyperammonemia
Hyponatremia
Hallucinations
Alopecia
Transient diplopia
Dizziness
Rare serious blood dyscrasias
Weight gain
Menstrual abnormalities

Explicación

Pregunta 26 de 63

1

Which five of the following are some of the adverse effects of Carbamazepine and Oxcarbazepine?

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Anorexia
Nausea
Mild parasthesias
Dependence
Drowsiness
Acute pancreatitis
Difficulty with speech
Insomnia
Skin rash
Stevens-Johnson syndrome

Explicación

Pregunta 27 de 63

1

Which six of the following are some of the adverse effects of Valproate?

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Menstrual abnormalities
Hyperammonemia
Aggression
Ataxia
Fulminant hepatitis
Dizziness
Alopecia
Rare serious blood dyscrasias
Hyponatremia
Acute pancreatitis

Explicación

Pregunta 28 de 63

1

Which six of the following are some of the adverse effects of Valproate?

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Nervousness
GI discomfort (tolerance)
Stevens-Johnson syndrome
Tremor
Diplopia
Somnolence
Weight gain
Thrombocytopenia
Polycystic ovaries
Folate and Vitamin D deficiencies (Megaloblastic anemia, Osteomalacia)

Explicación

Pregunta 29 de 63

1

Which four of the following are the adverse effects of Ethosuximide?

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Fulminant hepatitis
Hiccups
Vomiting
Difficulty with speech
Behavioral changes
Weight gain
Tolerance
Dependance
Stevens-Johnson syndrome
Nausea

Explicación

Pregunta 30 de 63

1

Which four of the following are the adverse effects of Phenobarbital?

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Hepatic failure
Sedation
Respiratory depression
Impaired concentration and memory
Difficulty with speech
Lower extremity edema
Tolerance
Dependance
Hyperammonemia
Hyponatremia

Explicación

Pregunta 31 de 63

1

Which three of the following are the adverse effects of Clonazepam?

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Diplopia
Dependance
Anorexia
Sedation
Respiratory depression
Gingival hyperplasia
Weight gain
Tolerance
Involuntary movements
Polycystic ovaries

Explicación

Pregunta 32 de 63

1

Which six of the following are the adverse effects of Lamotrigine?

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Dizziness
Skin rash
Hallucinations
Confusion
Stevens-Johnson syndrome
Insomnia
Aggression
Headache
Hiccups
Nausea

Explicación

Pregunta 33 de 63

1

Which six of the following are the adverse effects of Topiramate?

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Mild parasthesias
Difficulty with speech
Confusion
Depression
Nervousness
Insomnia
Impaired concentration and memory
Hallucinations
Aggression
Somnolence

Explicación

Pregunta 34 de 63

1

Which three of the following are the adverse effects of Gabapentin and Pregabalin?

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Lower extremity edema
Hyperammonemia
Acne, Hirsuitism, Coarsening of facial features
Stevens-Johnson syndrome
Mild parasthesias
Drowsiness
Insomnia
Weight Gain
Tolerance
Dependence

Explicación

Pregunta 35 de 63

1

Which four of the following are the adverse effects of Levetiracetam?

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Irritability
Vomiting
Transient diplopia
Ataxia
Headache
Depression
Nausea
Hallucinations
Acute pancreatitis
Aggression

Explicación

Pregunta 36 de 63

1

Which two of the following are the adverse effects of Felbamate?

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Respiratory depression
Hyponatremia
Confusion
Tremor
Aplastic anemia
Tolerance
Rare serious blood dyscrasias
Dependance
Lower extremity edema
Hepatic failure

Explicación

Pregunta 37 de 63

1

Which of the following are the drug-drug interactions of Phenytoin?

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Can reduce blood levels of contraceptive hormones
Enzyme inducers can increase clearance
Metabolism inhibited by valproate
Significant enzyme induction: CYP2B6, CYP2C19, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP3A4, P-glycoprotein
Warfarin: can decrease anticoagulant effect
No significant drug interactions
Significant enzyme induction: CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP3A4
Interactions due to plasma protein binding

Explicación

Pregunta 38 de 63

1

Which of the following are the drug-drug interactions of Valproate?

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Significant enzyme induction: CYP2B6, CYP2C19, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP3A4, P-glycoprotein
Interactions due to plasma protein binding
Can reduce blood levels of contraceptive hormones
Enzyme inducers can increase clearance
Significant enzyme induction: CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP3A4
No significant drug interactions
Can increase plasma levels of carbamazepine metabolite, phenytoin, phenobarbital, ethosuximide, lamotrigine and tricyclic antidepressants

Explicación

Pregunta 39 de 63

1

Which of the following are the drug-drug interactions of Ethosuximide?

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Affected by CYP3A4 inducers
Significant enzyme induction: CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP3A4
Enzyme inducers can increase clearance
Metabolism inhibited by valproate
Can reduce blood levels of contraceptive hormones
Significant enzyme induction: CYP2B6, CYP2C19, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP3A4, P-glycoprotein
No significant drug interactions

Explicación

Pregunta 40 de 63

1

Which of the following are the drug-drug interactions of Phenobarbital?

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Reduces blood levels of contraceptive hormones
Warfarin: can decrease anticoagulant effect
Significant enzyme induction: CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP3A4
Metabolism inhibited by valproate
Can increase plasma levels of carbamazepine metabolite, phenytoin, phenobarbital, ethosuximide, lamotrigine and tricyclic antidepressants
Significant enzyme induction: CYP2B6, CYP2C19, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP3A4, P-glycoprotein
Enzyme inducers can increase clearance

Explicación

Pregunta 41 de 63

1

Which of the following are the drug-drug interactions of Clonazepam?

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Interactions due to plasma protein binding
Metabolized by CYP3A4
Significant enzyme induction: CYP2B6, CYP2C19, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP3A4, P-glycoprotein
Can reduce blood levels of contraceptive hormones
Metabolism inhibited by valproate
Significant enzyme induction: CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP3A4
No significant drug interactions

Explicación

Pregunta 42 de 63

1

Which of the following are the drug-drug interactions of Lamotrigine?

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Enzyme inducers can increase clearance
Significant enzyme induction: CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP3A4
Metabolism induced by carbamazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin
Metabolism inhibited by valproate
Oral contraceptives can reduce levels
Interactions due to plasma protein binding
No significant drug interactions

Explicación

Pregunta 43 de 63

1

Which of the following are the drug-drug interactions of Lamotrigine?

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Can reduce blood levels of contraceptive hormones
Affected by CYP3A4 inducers
Warfarin: can decrease anticoagulant effect
Significant enzyme induction: CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP3A4
Significant enzyme induction: CYP2B6, CYP2C19, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP3A4, P-glycoprotein
Interactions due to plasma protein binding
No significant drug interactions

Explicación

Pregunta 44 de 63

1

Which of the following are the drug-drug interactions of Gabapentin, Levetiracetam, and Pregabalin?

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Significant enzyme induction: CYP2B6, CYP2C19, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP3A4, P-glycoprotein
Significant enzyme induction: CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP3A4
Warfarin: can decrease anticoagulant effect
Enzyme inducers can increase clearance
Can increase plasma levels of carbamazepine metabolite, phenytoin, phenobarbital, ethosuximide, lamotrigine and tricyclic antidepressants
Reduces blood levels of contraceptive hormones
No significant drug interactions

Explicación

Pregunta 45 de 63

1

Which of the following are the drug-drug interactions of Carbamazepine?

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Induces metabolism of phenytoin, ethosuximide, valproate, clonazepam
Enzyme inducers can increase clearance
Reduces blood levels of contraceptive hormones
Drug level affected by CYP3A4 inducers (phenytoin, phenobarbital), inhibitors
Can increase plasma levels of carbamazepine metabolite, phenytoin, phenobarbital, ethosuximide, lamotrigine and tricyclic antidepressants
Significant enzyme induction: CYP2B6, CYP2C19, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP3A4, P-glycoprotein
No significant drug interactions

Explicación

Pregunta 46 de 63

1

Which of the following statements are true for Phenytoin?

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Many PO formulations available – IR / ER formulations
10-20 mg/L is common therapeutic range
Metabolism: dose-dependent capacity-limited pharmacokinetics (zero order metabolism)
Oldest non-sedating, anti-seizure drug
MUST MONITOR SERUM LEVELS
Used in bipolar disorder
90% in vascular space is bound to albumin
At steady-state, 10% in vascular space, 90% tissue
Weight loss common (80% patients; 3-4% bodyweight loss)
Takes up to 6 weeks to achieve steady state, depending on dose

Explicación

Pregunta 47 de 63

1

Which of the following statements are true for Carbamazepine?

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Oldest non-sedating, anti-seizure drug
Also used for migraine prophylaxis and bipolar disorder
Used in children more than adults
Adjunctive therapy in children with focal seizures and generalized tonic clonic seizures
Induces its own metabolism; t1/2 ~36 hr ~20 hr
Used for migraine prophylaxis
Used for neuropathic pain
Is often Drug of Choice for focal seizures
100% renal elimination
Monotherapy in >16 yr old for focal seizures

Explicación

Pregunta 48 de 63

1

Which of the following statements are true for Valproate?

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Used in children more than adults
Effective and well tolerated so used for many seizure types
No longer a drug of 1st choice for women of childbearing potential
Many PO formulations available – IR / ER formulations
90% protein bound – can be significant
Many enzymes responsible for its metabolism (2A6, 2B6, 2C9, UGT, etc.)
Weight loss common (80% patients; 3-4% bodyweight loss)
Used for migraine prophylaxis
Used for neuropathic pain
Used for bipolar disorder

Explicación

Pregunta 49 de 63

1

Which of the following statements are true for Phenobarbital?

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Used for febrile seizures
100% renal elimination
Used for weight management
Used in children more than adults
Weight loss common (80% patients; 3-4% bodyweight loss)
Infrequently used for seizures due to adverse effects and risks
Off label use for bipolar disorder
Induces its own metabolism; t1/2 ~36 hr ~20 hr
Oldest non-sedating, anti-seizure drug
Commonly used in monotherapy

Explicación

Pregunta 50 de 63

1

Which of the following statements are true for Lamotrigine?

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Monotherapy in >16 yr old for focal seizures
90% in vascular space is bound to albumin
Used for migraine prophylaxis
Adjunctive therapy in children with focal seizures and generalized tonic clonic seizures
Used for weight management
Used in children more than adults
Used in absence (better tolerated than ethosuximide, valproate)
Used in bipolar disorder
Used for neuropathic pain
Does not induce or inhibit CYP enzymes

Explicación

Pregunta 51 de 63

1

Which of the following statements are true for Topiramate?

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

At steady-state, 10% in vascular space, 90% tissue
Weight loss common (80% patients; 3-4% bodyweight loss)
Used for bipolar disorder
Oldest non-sedating, anti-seizure drug
Used for migraine prophylaxis
Used for weight management
Induces its own metabolism; t1/2 ~36 hr ~20 hr
Used for neuropathic pain
100% renal elimination
Adjunctive therapy in children with focal seizures and generalized tonic clonic seizures

Explicación

Pregunta 52 de 63

1

Which of the following statements are true for Levetiracetam?

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

90% in vascular space is bound to albumin
Used in bipolar disorder
Oldest non-sedating, anti-seizure drug
Adjunct for Focal and generalized tonic-clonic seizures
Not an inhibitor or inducer of CYP enzymes
Commonly used for monotherapy
Used for migraine prophylaxis
Renal elimination (>70%)
Used for weight management
Used in children more than adults

Explicación

Pregunta 53 de 63

1

Rellena los espacios en blanco para completar el texto.

Principles of AED Therapy
 Choose monotherapy agent on basis of seizure (or epilepsy syndrome if known) & patient-specific considerations (usually profile)
 Increase to effective dose or to a serum level within the therapeutic range
 If seizures not controlled - increase gradually to tolerated dose (MTD) = highest dose a patient can tolerate without bothersome adverse effects
 If monotherapy fails, choose alternate monotherapy agent and repeat process
 If monotherapy fails with several drugs, try
 Concern is management of of two drugs

Explicación

Pregunta 54 de 63

1

Which of the following drugs reduce blood levels of contraceptive hormone?

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Carbamazepine
Phenobarbital
Phenytoin
Felbamate
Lamotrigine
Oxcarbazepine
Topiramate

Explicación

Pregunta 55 de 63

1

Rellena los espacios en blanco para completar el texto.

Antiepileptics are increased to therapeutic concentrations to minimize and are withdrawn to reduce the risk of inducing .

Explicación

Pregunta 56 de 63

1

Rellena los espacios en blanco para completar el texto.

 Enhanced vitamin metabolism can cause osteomalacia (phenytoin, phenobarbital)
 Enhanced vitamin metabolism can cause bleeding disorders (phenytoin, phenobarbital)
 Many anti-epileptics enhance of other anti-epileptics (phenytoin, carbamazepine, phenobarbital)
 inhibits metabolism of some anti-epileptics

Explicación

Pregunta 57 de 63

1

Rellena los espacios en blanco para completar el texto.

Pregnancy
 Teratogenicity: Valproate, phenobarbital, phenytoin, carbamazepine
 Prefer (or levetiracetam, oxcarbazepine)
 Can increase drug metabolism, which can seizure control
 Need to switch drugs or increase dose?

Explicación

Pregunta 58 de 63

1

Rellena los espacios en blanco para completar el texto.

Hepatic disease
 Avoid antiepileptic drugs (e.g., valproate) when possible
 Monitor free (unbound) levels of phenytoin, valproate when low

Explicación

Pregunta 59 de 63

1

Which of the following are contraindications / precautions for Phenytoin?

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

IV use for patients with sinus bradycardia, sinoatrial block, second- and third-degree heart block
Risk of dependence is high
Black box warning on rate of IV administration (<50mg/min)
Teratogenic risk

Explicación

Pregunta 60 de 63

1

Which of the following are contraindications / precautions for Carbamazepine?

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

HLA-B*1502, common in Asians, linked to 10X increased incidence of Stevens-Johnson syndrome
Teratogenic risk
Black box warning on rate of IV administration (<50mg/min)
Caution in patients with history of sedative dependence

Explicación

Pregunta 61 de 63

1

Which of the following are contraindications / precautions for Valproate?

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Not used in children <3 yrs because of risk of liver failure
IV use for patients with sinus bradycardia, sinoatrial block, second- and third-degree heart block
Do not use in patients with history of sedative addiction
Teratogenic risk

Explicación

Pregunta 62 de 63

1

Which of the following are contraindications / precautions for Phenobarbital?

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Risk of dependence is high
Do not use in patients with history of sedative addiction
Teratogenic risk
Black box warning on rate of IV administration (<50mg/min)

Explicación

Pregunta 63 de 63

1

Which of the following are contraindications / precautions for Clonazepam?

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Caution in patients with history of sedative dependence
Teratogenic risk
IV use for patients with sinus bradycardia, sinoatrial block, second- and third-degree heart block
HLA-B*1502, common in Asians, linked to 10X increased incidence of Stevens-Johnson syndrome

	Creado por Victoria Wright hace más de 7 años

WEEK 10 Test sobre Anti-epileptics Flashcard Supplement, creado por Victoria Wright el 22/03/2017.

Anti-epileptics Flashcard Supplement

Pregunta 1 de 63

Which of the following are First Generation anti-epileptics?

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Pregunta 2 de 63

Which of the following are Second Generation anti-epileptics?

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Pregunta 3 de 63

Rellena el espacio en blanco para completar el texto.

is chronic disorder characterized by recurring seizures.

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Pregunta 4 de 63

Pharmacological treatment can control but not cure epilepsy.

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Pregunta 5 de 63

Rellena el espacio en blanco para completar el texto.

Status epilepticus is a medical .

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Pregunta 6 de 63

Arrastra y suelta para completar el texto.

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Pregunta 7 de 63

Arrastra y suelta para completar el texto.

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Pregunta 8 de 63

Arrastra y suelta para completar el texto.

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Pregunta 9 de 63

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What are the goals of therapy with anti-epileptics? Improve by:  Controlling  Rarely are seizures eliminated; even occasional seizures are still a concern for patients  Minimizing  Usually lifelong treatment

Explicación

Pregunta 10 de 63

Which anti-epileptic drugs have the following mechanism of action? Inhibit voltage dependent Na+ channels

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Pregunta 11 de 63

Which anti-epileptic drugs have the following mechanism of action? Inhibit glutamate receptors

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Pregunta 12 de 63

Which anti-epileptic drugs have the following mechanism of action? Modulate glutamate release (putative)

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Pregunta 13 de 63

Which anti-epileptic drugs have the following mechanism of action? Increase inhibitory neurotransmission  Enhance GABA-A activity (positive allosteric modulation)

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Pregunta 14 de 63

Which anti-epileptic drugs have the following mechanism of action? Inhibit T-type Ca2+ channels  Depolarization of thalamic neurons activates cortical neurons

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Pregunta 15 de 63

Selecciona la opción correcta de los menús desplegables para completar el texto.

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Pregunta 16 de 63

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Block voltage-activated calcium channels − Neurons in thalamus are dependent on calcium channel currents for depolarization − Blocking these channels slows the − Depolarization of neurons activates neurons

Explicación

Pregunta 17 de 63

Which four of the following are drugs of choice for Focal Epileptic Seizures?

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Pregunta 18 de 63

Which five of the following are alternative drugs for Focal Epileptic Seizures?

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Pregunta 19 de 63

Which three of the following are drugs of choice for Primary GTC Seizures?

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Pregunta 20 de 63

Which two of the following are alternative drugs for Primary GTC Seizures?

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Pregunta 21 de 63

Which two of the following are drugs of choice for Absence Seizures?

What are the goals of therapy with anti-epileptics?
Improve by:
 Controlling
 Rarely are seizures eliminated; even occasional seizures are still a concern for patients
 Minimizing
 Usually lifelong treatment

Which anti-epileptic drugs have the following mechanism of action?
Inhibit voltage dependent Na+ channels

Which anti-epileptic drugs have the following mechanism of action?
Inhibit glutamate receptors

Which anti-epileptic drugs have the following mechanism of action?
Modulate glutamate release (putative)

Which anti-epileptic drugs have the following mechanism of action?
Increase inhibitory neurotransmission
 Enhance GABA-A activity (positive allosteric modulation)

Which anti-epileptic drugs have the following mechanism of action?
Inhibit T-type Ca2+ channels
 Depolarization of thalamic neurons activates cortical neurons

Block voltage-activated calcium channels
− Neurons in thalamus are dependent on calcium channel
currents for depolarization
− Blocking these channels slows the
− Depolarization of neurons activates neurons