Criminal Justice Test #3

Pregunta 1 de 57

1

Which of the following statements best describes the jurisdiction of a court?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

It is the territory, subject matter, or people over which a court or other justice agency may exercise lawful authority, as determined by a statute or constitution
It is the provision which allows courts to grant pretrial release of a criminal defendant on his or her written promise to appear in court as required
It is the formal written accusation submitted to a court by a grand jury, alleging that a specified person who has committed a specified offense.
It is the power of a court to review only the actions and decisions made by other agencies of government

Explicación

Pregunta 2 de 57

1

Which of the following was not suggested by proponents of state court reform in order to create a uniform judiciary model for all states?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

centralizing a state court authority
centralizing court structure
consolidating courts with overlapping jurisdictions
combining original and appellate jurisdiction

Explicación

Pregunta 3 de 57

1

Which of the following is an example of an original-jurisdiction case?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Matt appeals in a higher court against a lower court's decision in favor of his landlord
A court of appeals upholds Carlos' conviction in a sexual harassment case by a state trial court
Brian is arrested for identity theft and is tried in a state trial court
Mary approaches a state supreme court to review the state trial court's decision to charge her with grand larceny

Explicación

Pregunta 4 de 57

1

Which of the following cases is most likely to be settled in a dispute-resolution center?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Sean is charged with aggravated assault for physically abusing his wife
Jacob is arrested for raping and killing a ten-year-old girl
Robert is caught stealing groceries from a local store
Leslie is arrested for using illegal drugs

Explicación

Pregunta 5 de 57

1

________ is the power of a court to reconsider the actions and decisions made by other agencies of government.

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Arraignment
Judicial review
Original jurisdiction
Jurisprudence

Explicación

Pregunta 6 de 57

1

Which of the following alternatives to bail places a court in the role of a bond agent, allowing a defendant to post a percentage of a full bail with the court?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

signature bond
deposit bail
release on recognizance
conditional release

Explicación

Pregunta 7 de 57

1

Brian, a suspect in a robbery case, signs a document which says that the trial court of Alabama can seize his house and car if he does not appear on his trial date. Which of the following alternatives to bail does this scenario illustrate?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

an unsecured bond
a property bond
a deposit bail
a third-party custody

Explicación

Pregunta 8 de 57

1

Which of the following scenarios illustrates an arraignment?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Deborah, an accused in a robbery case, is released on a deposit bail
William, an accused in a murder case, is arrested and immediately presented before a magistrate. The magistrate informs William of his rights.
Arun, an accused in a homicide case, is presented before a trial court with original jurisdiction for the first time. The judge allows him to enter a plea.
Santiago, an accused in a rape case, is released when his attorney gives assurance that Santiago will appear in court as required.

Explicación

Pregunta 9 de 57

1

One purpose of ________ is to help ensure the reappearance of the accused at trial.

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

adjudication
arraignment
plea
bail

Explicación

Pregunta 10 de 57

1

Which of the following provides the first appellate level for courts of limited jurisdiction?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

courts of last resort
trial courts of general jurisdiction
intermediate appellate courts
district courts

Explicación

Pregunta 11 de 57

1

How many regional courts of appeal are there in the United States?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

12
10
6
60

Explicación

Pregunta 12 de 57

1

Which of the following is NOT part of the structure developed by states that follow the federal court model?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

trial courts of limited jurisdiction
trial courts of general jurisdiction
appellate courts
special-purpose courts

Explicación

Pregunta 13 de 57

1

A formal written accusation submitted to a court by a prosecutor, alleging that a specified person has committed a specified offense, is known as a(n) ________.

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

information
plea
arraignment
bail

Explicación

Pregunta 14 de 57

1

Bob consigned all of his stock holdings to the court as collateral against pretrial flight. What type of bail did he post?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

unsecured bond
property bond
deposit bail
signature bond

Explicación

Pregunta 15 de 57

1

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the U.S. Supreme Court?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

The U.S. Supreme Court is the highest federal court
The U.S. Supreme Court consists of nine justices
The U.S. Supreme Court wields immense power
The U.S. Supreme Court justices serve for eight years

Explicación

Pregunta 16 de 57

1

A formal written accusation submitted to the court by a grand jury, alleging that a specified person has committed a specified offense, usually a felony, is known as an ________.

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

arraignment
indictment
assessment
enforcement

Explicación

Pregunta 17 de 57

1

Which of the following refers to the lawful authority of a court to hear or to act on a case from its beginning and to pass judgment on the law and the facts?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

overlapping jurisdiction
limited jurisdiction
appellate jurisdiction
original jurisdiction

Explicación

Pregunta 18 de 57

1

Courts that have the authority to review a decision made by a lower court are said to have ________.

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

special jurisdiction
original jurisdiction
appellate jurisdiction
limited jurisdiction

Explicación

Pregunta 19 de 57

1

Which of the following is the least likely requirement to become a judge in general jurisdiction and appellate courts in almost all states?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Be above the age of 35
hold a law degree
be a licensed attorney
be a member of his or her state bar association

Explicación

Pregunta 20 de 57

1

Jane conducts a criminal proceeding against a serial rapist on behalf of Gia, a rape victim, in a state court. In this scenario, Jane is most likely to be a ________.

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

public defender
prosecutor
private attorney
bailiff

Explicación

Pregunta 21 de 57

1

Who among the following is most likely a public defender?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Sean, who represents a state's case against Rick, a defendant, in a state court.
Roger, a practicing criminal attorney, is appointed by a state trial court to represent a defendant in a murder case.
Nadia, a partner in a law firm, represents a defendant in a case of embezzlement.
Farah, who is employed by a state, represents a defendant who cannot afford a lawyer in a rape case.

Explicación

Pregunta 22 de 57

1

Christian, a management consultant, is required by a state court to listen to the evidence presented during trial and determine whether Valerie, an accused in a murder case, is guilty or not guilty of the charges against her. In this scenario, Christian is most likely playing the role of a ________.

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

juror
victim
lay witness
defendant

Explicación

Pregunta 23 de 57

1

Which of the following amendment's requirement of a public trial supports the right of reporters and spectators to be present at a criminal trial?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

The First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution
The Sixth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution
The Eighth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution
The Fifth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution

Explicación

Pregunta 24 de 57

1

________ refers to the issue of whether a defendant is actually responsible for the crime of which he or she stands accused.

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Judicial review
Warrant
Verdict
Factual guilt

Explicación

Pregunta 25 de 57

1

Which of the following is the first step in the criminal trial process?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

trial initiation
jury deliberation
judge's charge to the jury
presentation of opening statements

Explicación

Pregunta 26 de 57

1

Which of the following scenarios illustrates a challenge for cause during jury selection?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

A defense attorney argues that the pool from which potential jurors are selected for a discrimination case is under representative of minority communities.
A defense attorney claims that a potential juror who was a victim of rape is likely to be partial against the defendant in a rape case.
A defense attorney dismisses two potential women jurors from a case involving a bank robbery without giving a reason.
A prosecuting attorney dismisses four potential jurors from a shoplifting case without giving any reason.

Explicación

Pregunta 27 de 57

1

Proponents of the adversarial system believe the best way to determine truth is through

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

the use of coercive interrogation techniques
careful investigation and sharing of information
open combat between victim and accused
a free and open competition over who has the correct facts

Explicación

Pregunta 28 de 57

1

Proponents of the adversarial system believe the best way to achieve justice is by

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

strict adherence to procedure
having flexible procedural rules
better policing
allowing judges to play a greater role in the proceedings

Explicación

Pregunta 29 de 57

1

Proponents of the inquisitorial system believe the best way to determine truth is through

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

careful investigation and sharing of information
the use of coercive interrogation techniques
open combat between victim and accused
a free and open competition over who has the correct facts

Explicación

Pregunta 30 de 57

1

According to a Gallup Poll, Americans rate higher than in terms of honesty and ethics.

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

judges/lawyers
lawyers/doctors
lawyers/judges
used car salesmen/lawyers

Explicación

Pregunta 31 de 57

1

Which of the following is NOT a type of juror challenge?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

peremptory challenges
challenges for cause
challenges to the array
challenges for knowledge

Explicación

Pregunta 32 de 57

1

All of the following are considered professionals in the courtroom work group, EXCEPT the________.

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

defense attorney
victim
judge
prosecuting attorney

Explicación

Pregunta 33 de 57

1

Which of the following is NOT another name for a prosecuting attorney?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

district attorney
assigned counsel
state's attorney
solicitor

Explicación

Pregunta 34 de 57

1

What is the primary purpose of any criminal trial?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

instruction to meet the needs of trial judges
determination of the defendant's guilt or innocence
cooperation and communication with the police
recognition of informal rules of civility

Explicación

Pregunta 35 de 57

1

In 1972, the Judicial Conference of the United States adopted a policy opposing ________ in district courts, and that policy was incorporated into the Code of Conduct for United States Judges.

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

broadcast of in-camera trials
media coverage of proceedings
movement of a trial to another location
broadcast of civil proceedings

Explicación

Pregunta 36 de 57

1

Weapons, tire tracks, and fingerprints are examples of ________.

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

circumstantial evidence
exculpatory evidence
testimonial evidence
real evidence

Explicación

Pregunta 37 de 57

1

Which of the following represents the order of the steps in a criminal trial?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

jury selection, trial initiation, opening statements, presentation of evidence, closing arguments, the judge's charge to the jury, jury deliberations, the verdict
opening statements, jury selection, presentation of evidence, trial initiation, closing arguments, the judge's charge to the jury, jury deliberations, the verdict
trial initiation, jury selection, opening statements, presentation of evidence, closing arguments, the judge's charge to the jury, jury deliberations, the verdict
the judge's charge to the jury, jury selection, opening statements, trial initiation, presentation of evidence, closing arguments, jury deliberations, the verdict

Explicación

Pregunta 38 de 57

1

Who is responsible for summoning members of the public for jury duty and subpoenaing witnesses for the prosecution and the defense?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

the court administrator
the clerk of court
the bailiff
the court recorder

Explicación

Pregunta 39 de 57

1

Criminal trials under the American system of justice are built around ________.

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

an adversarial system
a public defender system
the court system
the grand jury system

Explicación

Pregunta 40 de 57

1

Court-appointed defense attorneys, whose fees are paid at a set rate by local or state government, are also called ________.

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

private counsel
public counsel
opposing counsel
assigned counsel

Explicación

Pregunta 41 de 57

1

Which of the following best reflects the findings from Naomi Goodno's assessment of the three strikes law in California?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

The law has clogged courts to the point that judges have filed lawsuits
The law was supported by 98% of all law enforcement officers in California
The law has resulted in more police officers being killed as two-strike offenders seek to avoid a third strike
The law has not strained the state budget or overcrowded prisons
The law increased the general public's fear of crime

Explicación

Pregunta 42 de 57

1

Which of the following best reflects the decision made by the U.S. Supreme Court with regard to the Eighth Amendment and three strikes laws?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

The Court ruled that it is neither cruel nor unusual to impose a life sentence for a nonviolent felony when the offender has a history of serious convictions
The Court decided to remain silent with regard to three strikes laws; instead, it deferred to the states to determine what was cruel or unusual
The Court ruled that it was cruel and unusual to include misdemeanors as one of the three strikes
The Court ruled that three strikes laws, in and of themselves, are inherently violations of the Eighth Amendment
The Court ruled that it is a violation of the Eighth Amendment to impose a life sentence for a nonviolent felony, regardless of an offender's history

Explicación

Pregunta 43 de 57

1

Which of the following is accurate with regard to Elsa Chen's research regarding race, ethnicity, and three strikes laws?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

African-Americans and American Indians were more likely than others to receive third-strike sentences, even when legally relevant variables were controlled
Hispanic-Americans were more likely than other groups to receive third-strike sentences, even when legally relevant variables were controlled
African-Americans and Hispanic-Americans were more likely than others to receive third-strike sentences, even when legally relevant variables were controlled
Whites and Hispanics were more likely than others to receive third-strike sentences, even when legally relevant variables were controlled
Whites were more likely than others to receive third-strike sentences, even when legally relevant variables were controlled

Explicación

Pregunta 44 de 57

1

How many children are believed to be sexually victimized each year?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

One million
Two-hundred thousand
Five million
Two million

Explicación

Pregunta 45 de 57

1

Studies of recidivism rates for sexual offenders demonstrate that

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

all treatment programs are effective in reducing recidivism
treatment programs don't work
treatment programs don't work and offenders will all reoffend
some treatment programs work and some don't

Explicación

Pregunta 46 de 57

1

Depending on the state, which of the following constitute sexual offenses?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Sexual acts with children
Sexual contact with children
Urinating in public
a and b only
all of the above

Explicación

Pregunta 47 de 57

1

According to the most recent figures, how many registered sex offenders are there in the United States?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

500,000
Nearly 750,000
Two million
One million

Explicación

Pregunta 48 de 57

1

According to the NVCAP, which is the most comprehensive victims' bill of rights?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994
Victims' Rights and Protection Act of 2008
Victims of Crime Act of 1984
Victim and Witness Protection Act of 1982

Explicación

Pregunta 49 de 57

1

Which of the following is a form of structured sentencing?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

indeterminate sentencing
determinate sentencing
quasi-independent sentencing
contemporary sentencing

Explicación

Pregunta 50 de 57

1

Which of the following is the primary sentencing tool of the "just deserts" model?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

restitution
fine
probation
imprisonment

Explicación

Pregunta 51 de 57

1

Which of the following cases determined that the method of execution of an offender may not create a substantial risk of wanton and unnecessary infliction of pain, torture, or lingering death?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Gregg v. Georgia
Baze v. Rees
Furman v. Georgia
Atkins v. Virginia

Explicación

Pregunta 52 de 57

1

The U.S. Supreme Court has ruled that ________ must decide the facts that lead to a death sentence.

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

appellate courts
jures, not judges
high courts
judges, not juries

Explicación

Pregunta 53 de 57

1

Under the indeterminate sentencing model, what is the primary determinant of the amount of time served?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

inmate's behavior while incarcerated
leniency of the parole board
leniency of the judge
pressure from politicians

Explicación

Pregunta 54 de 57

1

Which of the following refers to the goal of criminal sentencing that attempts to make the victim "whole again"?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

retribution
deterrence
incapacitation
restoration

Explicación

Pregunta 55 de 57

1

Who is the final arbiter of the actual sentence served in a state that relies on an indeterminate sentencing scheme?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

the judge
the parole board
the governor
the prosecutor

Explicación

Pregunta 56 de 57

1

	Creado por Lindsay Deems hace más de 7 años

Chapters #7, #8, #9

Criminal Justice Test #3

Pregunta 1 de 57

Which of the following statements best describes the jurisdiction of a court?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 2 de 57

Which of the following was not suggested by proponents of state court reform in order to create a uniform judiciary model for all states?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 3 de 57

Which of the following is an example of an original-jurisdiction case?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 4 de 57

Which of the following cases is most likely to be settled in a dispute-resolution center?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 5 de 57

________ is the power of a court to reconsider the actions and decisions made by other agencies of government.

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 6 de 57

Which of the following alternatives to bail places a court in the role of a bond agent, allowing a defendant to post a percentage of a full bail with the court?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 7 de 57

Brian, a suspect in a robbery case, signs a document which says that the trial court of Alabama can seize his house and car if he does not appear on his trial date. Which of the following alternatives to bail does this scenario illustrate?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 8 de 57

Which of the following scenarios illustrates an arraignment?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 9 de 57

One purpose of ________ is to help ensure the reappearance of the accused at trial.

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 10 de 57

Which of the following provides the first appellate level for courts of limited jurisdiction?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 11 de 57

How many regional courts of appeal are there in the United States?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 12 de 57

Which of the following is NOT part of the structure developed by states that follow the federal court model?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 13 de 57

A formal written accusation submitted to a court by a prosecutor, alleging that a specified person has committed a specified offense, is known as a(n) ________.

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 14 de 57

Bob consigned all of his stock holdings to the court as collateral against pretrial flight. What type of bail did he post?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 15 de 57

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the U.S. Supreme Court?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 16 de 57

A formal written accusation submitted to the court by a grand jury, alleging that a specified person has committed a specified offense, usually a felony, is known as an ________.

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 17 de 57

Which of the following refers to the lawful authority of a court to hear or to act on a case from its beginning and to pass judgment on the law and the facts?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 18 de 57

Courts that have the authority to review a decision made by a lower court are said to have ________.

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 19 de 57

Which of the following is the least likely requirement to become a judge in general jurisdiction and appellate courts in almost all states?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 20 de 57

Jane conducts a criminal proceeding against a serial rapist on behalf of Gia, a rape victim, in a state court. In this scenario, Jane is most likely to be a ________.

According to a Gallup Poll, Americans rate higher than in terms of honesty and ethics.