Fundamentals Tutorial Week 6

A 41 year-old man was admitted to the hospital with acute abdominal pain, which was diagnosed as a perforated duodenal ulcer. Intubation for the purpose of inserting a camera into the stomach was scheduled under general anaesthesia. At the close of the surgical procedure, reversal of their muscular blockade was required.
a. Which drug is most probably used to aid the intubation?
b. What is the MOA of that drug?
c. What drug might be given to restore neuromuscular function and why?

Why is myasthenia gravis treated with tymectomy (surgical removal of the thymus gland) apart from drug treatment with neostigmine?

Why is the major effect of nicotinic receptor blockade skeletal muscle weakness?

Why is atropine an antidote for the effects of Sarin, a potent chemical weapon?

Explain the MOA by which neostigmine treatment results in the data obtained in third graph from the top (after neostigmine)

Lambert-Eaton syndrome (another autoimmune disease), is a presynaptic disorder in which acetylcholine release is impaired due to production of autoantibodies. Knowing about the regulation of acetylcholine release, what would be the most probable target for those autoantibodies?

Suxamethonium is also known as succinylcholine. (SCh)
• What is the MOA of Suxamethonium?
• What are the most dangerous physiological effects of Suxamethonium?
• Why is Suxamethonium called a “perfect murder weapon”

What is the difference between direct- and indirect-acting cholinomimetics?

Which sympathetic mediators are made in adrenal medulla and why

Which sympathetic mediators are made in sympathetic nerves and why?

Which neurotransmitter is made in Substantia nigra and why?

What is the rate limiting step in catecholamine synthesis in all of those tissues (adrenal medulla, sympathetic nerves and Substantia nigra?

can you use anticholinergic drugs in people suffering tachycardia?

In 1996 a patent was awarded for pilocarpine containing chewing gum. Which condition is intended to be treated with such product?

Instead of SLUDGE, some authors group the cholinergic effects into another short description: DUMBBELLS. Compare the two options and identify which of the symptoms are different between DUMBBELLS and SLUDGE group?

Why are both arterioles (sending blood from the heart to the body) and veins (sending blood from the body to the heart) predominantly innervated by sympathetic nerves?

Why blockade of parasympathetic-cholinergic action on the heart creates tachycardia (increased heart beat)?

If cholinergic blockade of GI tract causes reduced tone and motility; constipation and decreased secretions (see table) thereby negatively affecting GI function, when is the use of Mebeverine warranted?