offender profiling is an area of ___ to assist detection of offenders. basic premise is that info left by the ___ at the ___ scene, both ___ and ___, can lead to conclusions being draw about kind of person who committed the crime

Holmes & Holmes - three major goals of profiling?

Holmes & Holmes
Social & psychological assessment

Holmes & Holmes
Psychological evaluation of belongings

Holmes & Holmes
Interviewing suggestions & strategies

top down uses ___ ___ information about similar crimes, applies ___ knowledge to crime scenes. profiler uses a "___ ___" and then looks for ___ details that support it

also known as ___ method as it draws logical conclusions based on application of general principle to a particular instance (___ fits ___)

mostly used by ___ crime investigators, approach sometimes refered to as ___ approach

smaller details support their ___. the "big picture" is known as a ___ and is based on belief different types of crimes have similar ___ and always behave in similar ways

American approach established by FBI when created no. of typologies through ___ with ___convicted serial killers. they used 57 page document asking offenders to identify ___ leading up to crime e.g. __, __/__ __, etc

FBI also collected detailed info about ___ and ___ states of criminals from members of ___ ___ ___ who are experienced in area of ___ crime & ___.

Profile Development - the 4 stages?

Data Assimilation

Crime Classification

Crime Reconstruction

Profile Generation

FBI Classification of Murderers
Organised

FBI Classification of Murderers
Disorganised

Pinnizzotto
Aim?

Pinnizzotto
Participants?

Pinnizzotto
Method?

Pinnizzotto
Results?

Pinnizzotto
Conclusions?

Bottom up approach based on profiler gathering info of each crime & forming ___ based on those details only.

profiler will process all info from crime scene to create "___" of what happened constantly ___ ___ details until it makes sense. also referred to as ___ method as conclusions formed using particular instances to form general principle (___ forms ___). approach used by ___ profilers

developed by ___ who runs the ___ for ___ ___. this approach looks at offender's behaviour ___ crime and attempts to formulate psychological theory to show why variations in criminal behaviour occur

British approach makes no initial ___ about offender until ___ ___ carried out on the details of the crime, making it bottom up

Canter believes usefulness of method led to development of "___-___" theory. can help explain how offender's behaviour changes of series of offences, or establish whether 2 or more offences committed by same person

Geographic Profiling: considered by "five-factor" theory is "___ of ___ & ___" idea of Geographical Profiling based on no. of psychological theories (e.g. ___ ___ & ___ ___ theories) and research on ___ maps

Geographic Profiling
___ + ___ = ___

based on geographic profiling assumptions, Canter proposed ___ ___, a model of offender behaviour that helps reveal where offender lives and/or likely location of next crime, developed directly from ___ psychology

The Circle Theory -
proposes two models of behaviour: " ___" and "___" model

Marauder Model?

Commuter Model?

Geographic profiling software programmes have been developed to assist criminal investigation such as Canter's ___, but geographical profiling only possible with ___ crimes where ___ of behaviours can be established & models based on ___ study of solved cases, difficult to apply in actual investigations, practically impossible to know if marauder or commuter

Snook
Aim?

Snook
Method?

Snook
Results?

Snook
Conclusions?

Case Study approach to profiling involves a range of different ___ being used to collect information that will lead to the identification of the ___ of a potential offender

Canter invited by Metropolitan Police to draw up profile of the "___ ___". canter examined ___ of each crime and built up profile of attacker's ___, ___ and ___.

using the ___ ___ approach, Canter identified two significant themes in the attacks:

he also studied ___ of crimes over previous __ years, building up geographic profile, helped pinpoint where attacker lived as pattern suggested killer was a ___.

features of profile Canter created matched very closely to the characteristics and traits of ___ ___. He was arrested at his mother's house where police obtained sufficient ___ evidence to sentence him to life imprisonment for ___ and ___.