The Black Death started in China in c.1320 and very quickly spread into Europe and other countries via trading routes
The Black Death entered Europe through Messina, Italy on a boat with infected humans and rats.
The bacteria Yersinia Pestis which caused the Black Death spread through fleas that bit rats infected with the disease.
These fleas went on to bite humans and other animals thus spreading the disease further.
The plague was able to travel on boats and carriages because of the rats and fleas which spread it as they could easily travel in the sailors' baggage.
This resulted in the plague spreading all along the trade routes, killing tradesmen and towns people which were one the route.

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The Spread of The Black Death