A&P CARDIO

Pregunta 1 de 23

1

Name the parts of the heart structure:

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Endocardium

Myocardium

Epicardium

Pericardial cavity

Pericardium

Explicación

Pregunta 2 de 23

1

The ❌ is the third layer, or the inner surface of the heart. It is the delicate tissue that gives rise to the cardiac valves, reduces friction, and deters clot formation. The ❌ is the thick muscle mass composed of cardiac muscle cells. The ❌ is the outer surface of the heart muscle. The ❌ is between the serous layer of the pericardium and the outside of the heart. It contains 10-30 mL of serous fluid to prevent friction and protect from trauma. The ❌ is the fibrous sac surrounding the heart and the roots of the great vessels.

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endocardium

myocardium

epicardium

pericardial cavity

pericardium

Explicación

Pregunta 3 de 23

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The pericardium is composed of two layers: ( fibrous external, smooth serous, parietal, visceral ) layer and ( smooth serous, fibrous external, parietal, visceral ) layer. The latter is composed of two layers, the ( parietal, visceral, fibrous external, smooth serous ) bonded to the underside of the fibrous pericardium and the ( visceral, fibrous external, smooth serous, parietal ) lays over the outside of the heart and is also known as the epicardium.

Explicación

Pregunta 4 de 23

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The RA is a thin walled chamber with low pressures: 2-6 mm Hg, It receives unoxygenated blood from the and the . It pumps the blood to the RV through the tricuspid valve.

Explicación

Pregunta 5 de 23

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The LA is a thin walled chamber that receives oxygenated blood from the lung via the . It pumps blood to the LV through the mitral valve. Its normal pressure is 4-12 mm Hg,

Explicación

Pregunta 6 de 23

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The LV is a thick, powerful muscle that pumps the blood to the through the . The LV must push against the systemic vascular resistance which is 6 times the pressure present in the pulmonary circuit. Normal systolic pressure in LV is 100-130 mm Hg and diastolic is 4-12 mm Hg.

Explicación

Pregunta 7 de 23

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The RV is a thin walled chamber, approximately 1/3 the thickness of the LV. About 80% of the venous return from RA passively flows into RV. An additional 20-30% of atrial filling occurs during contraction referred to as the atrial kick- at the end of the diastolic filling of the ventricles. The RV delivers blood to the and through the . Normal pressures are 15-25 mm Hg systolic and 0-8 mm Hg diastolic.

Explicación

Pregunta 8 de 23

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The ( chordae tendineae, valve annulus, papillary muscle ) are strong fibrous cords that connect the AV valve leaflets to the papillary muscle. The valve leaflets are attached to a ( valve annulus, chordae tendinaea, papillary muscle ), a ring of fibrous tissue that provides support to the structure. The ( papillary muscles, valve annulus, chordae tendinaea ) are attached to the ventricular wall and contract during systole.

Explicación

Pregunta 9 de 23

1

Label the electrical path:

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Bachmann's bundle

Left posterior fascicle

AV node

SA node

Bundle of His

Left bundle branch

Right bundle branch

Purkinje fibers

Left anterior fascicle

Explicación

Pregunta 10 de 23

1

Label the parts:

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RCA

Right sinus of Valsalva

Left sinus of Valsalva

aorta

LCA

Circumflex artery

LAD

Explicación

Pregunta 11 de 23

1

The RCA forms the posterior descending artery in 85% of people.

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VERDADERO
FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 12 de 23

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Coronary venous blood flows to the coronary sinus, a large vein on the posterior side of the heart. The coronary sinus then return the blood to the RA. ( Two thirds, One third, Three quarters ) of coronary blood flow occurs during diastole.

Explicación

Pregunta 13 de 23

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Myosin filaments have cross bridges that reach out, pulling actin in toward the center of the sacromere and causing it to shorten, producing a contraction. Around the actin fibril are interwoven protein rods of troponin and tropomyosin, which inhibit the ability of actin to connect with myosin. At the beginning of a contraction, calcium is released and attaches to troponin, allowing cross bridges on myosin to attach to actin. Relaxation of the cardiac muscle results from calcium uptake. This blocks the actin-myosin cross bridges and allows filaments to slide back to resting length.

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actin

myosin

Explicación

Pregunta 14 de 23

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Name

Explicación

Pregunta 15 de 23

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❌: The cell will not depolarize no matter how strong the impulse delivered to the cell.

❌: The cell will depolarize only if it receives a strong stimulus.

❌: The cell responds to even a very weak stimulus.

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Absolute Refractory Period

Relative Refractory Period

Vulnerable Refractory Period

Explicación

Pregunta 16 de 23

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Cardiac output is defined as the volume of blood ejected from the heart over one minute, normal range is ( 4-8 L/min, 2.5-4.3 L/min/m2, 50-100 mL/beat ). CO is affected by HR and SV.

Cardiac index relates the CO to the pt's BSA. Normal ranges are ( 2.5-4.3 L/min/m2, 4-8 L/min, 50-100 mL/beat ).

SV is the volume of blood ejected from the LV with each ventricular contraction. A healthy heart ejects more than half the total ventricular blood volume. Normal range is ( 50-100 mL/beat, 4-8 L/min, 2.5-4.3 L/min/m2 ). SV is affected by preload, afterload, and contractility.

Explicación

Pregunta 17 de 23

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Name:

Explicación

Pregunta 18 de 23

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Name:

Explicación

Pregunta 19 de 23

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Contractility is described using inotropy and inotropic state. ( Positive, Negative ) inotropy strengthens the contractile force of the muscle. ( Negative, Positive ) inotropy lessens the contractility of the muscle.

Explicación

Pregunta 20 de 23

1

Starling's Law defines the dependent relationship between the ventricular preload, afterload, and cardiac contractility on SV. The greater the stretch or the longer the stretch exerted by EDV, the more forceful the contraction until the the muscle is overloaded. The CO proportionately increases until it peaks.

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SV

EDV

Cardiac function

Explicación

Pregunta 21 de 23

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The sympathetic nervous system has the greatest effect on the ventricles and blood vessels. The sympathetic fibers are adrenergic and tend to be excitatory though the release of . There are three types of sympathetic receptors: , , and . The cardiac effects tend to be increased CO as a result of increase HR and contractility.

The parasympathetic nervous system originates in the medulla and is mediated by the vagus nerve. Most of the fibers are cholinergic and secrete , which tends to be inhibitory in its actions. The cardiac effects include slowing the HR, decreasing speed of conduction through the AV node, and slightly depressing contractility.

Explicación

Pregunta 22 de 23

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Label:

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Chemoreceptors

Baroreceptors

Explicación

Pregunta 23 de 23

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BP DROPS

RENIN RELEASED

RENIN + ANGIOTENSINOGEN

ANGIOTENSIN I

ANGIOTENSIN II

VASOCONSTRICTION

DEC BLOOD FLOW TO KIDNEY

RELEASE OF ADH

CONSERVATION OF WATER

RELEASE OF ALDOSTERONE

INC WATER RETENTION

	Creado por Narda Carrion-Hernandez hace más de 7 años

Fundamentals Test sobre A&P CARDIO, creado por Narda Carrion-Hernandez el 27/05/2017.

Pregunta 1 de 23

Name the parts of the heart structure:

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Explicación

Pregunta 2 de 23

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Explicación

Pregunta 3 de 23

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Explicación

Pregunta 4 de 23

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The RA is a thin walled chamber with low pressures: 2-6 mm Hg, It receives unoxygenated blood from the and the . It pumps the blood to the RV through the tricuspid valve.

Explicación

Pregunta 5 de 23

Rellena el espacio en blanco para completar el texto.

The LA is a thin walled chamber that receives oxygenated blood from the lung via the . It pumps blood to the LV through the mitral valve. Its normal pressure is 4-12 mm Hg,

Explicación

Pregunta 6 de 23

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The LV is a thick, powerful muscle that pumps the blood to the through the . The LV must push against the systemic vascular resistance which is 6 times the pressure present in the pulmonary circuit. Normal systolic pressure in LV is 100-130 mm Hg and diastolic is 4-12 mm Hg.

Explicación

Pregunta 7 de 23

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Explicación

Pregunta 8 de 23

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Explicación

Pregunta 9 de 23

Label the electrical path:

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Explicación

Pregunta 10 de 23

Label the parts:

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Explicación

Pregunta 11 de 23

The RCA forms the posterior descending artery in 85% of people.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

Explicación

Pregunta 12 de 23

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Coronary venous blood flows to the coronary sinus, a large vein on the posterior side of the heart. The coronary sinus then return the blood to the RA. Two thirds One third Three quarters( Two thirds, One third, Three quarters ) of coronary blood flow occurs during diastole.

Explicación

Pregunta 13 de 23

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Explicación

Pregunta 14 de 23

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Name

Explicación

Pregunta 15 de 23

❌: The cell will not depolarize no matter how strong the impulse delivered to the cell. ❌: The cell will depolarize only if it receives a strong stimulus. ❌: The cell responds to even a very weak stimulus.

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Explicación

Pregunta 16 de 23

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Explicación

Pregunta 17 de 23

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Name:

Explicación

Pregunta 18 de 23

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Name:

Explicación

Pregunta 19 de 23

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Contractility is described using inotropy and inotropic state. Positive Negative( Positive, Negative ) inotropy strengthens the contractile force of the muscle. Negative Positive( Negative, Positive ) inotropy lessens the contractility of the muscle.

Explicación

Pregunta 20 de 23

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Explicación

Pregunta 21 de 23

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Explicación

Pregunta 22 de 23

Label:

Coronary venous blood flows to the coronary sinus, a large vein on the posterior side of the heart. The coronary sinus then return the blood to the RA. ( Two thirds, One third, Three quarters ) of coronary blood flow occurs during diastole.

❌: The cell will not depolarize no matter how strong the impulse delivered to the cell.

❌: The cell will depolarize only if it receives a strong stimulus.

❌: The cell responds to even a very weak stimulus.

Contractility is described using inotropy and inotropic state. ( Positive, Negative ) inotropy strengthens the contractile force of the muscle. ( Negative, Positive ) inotropy lessens the contractility of the muscle.