Viruses, Bacteria & Archaea

Virus

What is the major limitation of a virus?

Why can't viruses reproduce on their own?

Are viruses cells?

What kind of genome do viruses have?

What surrounds a virus?

Where do viral protein coats come from?

What kind of microscope is needed to see a virus?

What do viral protein coats facilitate?

Three factors of virus classification

What, specifically, do viruses rely once inside host cells?

Bacteriophage

What targeting mechanism do bacteriophages use?

Lytic cycle (5 stages)

Lysogenic cycle

prophage

Why are the Lytic & Lysogenic Cycles important in the field of medicine?

Retroviruses

a key enzyme in retroviruses

cDNA

retrovirus action pathway

What cells does HIV infect?

helper T-cell

integrase

What allows viruses to jump from one species to another?

What is the major drawback of anti-viral medications?

How do anti-viral medications target infected cells?

Viroid

Prions

What do prions lack?

What tissues do prions affect?

Are prion diseases treatable?

Prokaryote

Peptidoglycan

plasmid

How do prokaryotes reproduce?

Conjugation

Transformation

Transduction

Bacterial Growth Curve

lag phase

factor contributing to length of lag phase

exponential phase (log phase)

What factors affect the duration of exponential phase (aka generation)?

stationary phase

death phase

Obligate aerobes

Obligate anaerobes

Facultative anaerobes

Mesophiles

Thermophiles

Psychrophiles

Extremophiles

What important enzyme is derived from extremophiles?

Halophiles

Gram stain procedure

Gram-positive bacteria

Gram-negative bacteria

Three bacterial classes based on shape

spirilli

bacilli

cocci

Cyanobacteria

lichen

Archaea

Chemoautotroph

lipopolysaccharide (LPS)

ENDOTOXIN