32212664
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Flashcards by ACAPUN INSTITUTE, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by ACAPUN INSTITUTE
over 3 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Aplastic anemia is a toxic effect that occurs after a course of tx with which antibiotic? | chloramphenicol |
| side effect of prolonged tetracycline hydrochloride therapy?? | suprainfection photosensitivity discoloration of new teeth GI symptoms ***NOT vestibular disturbances --> this is streptomycin |
| colitis that results following clindamycin therapy is caused by an overgrowth of a. C. difficile b. staph aureus c. pseudomonas d. candida albicans | c. diff duh |
| which antibiotic is appropriate for premed in penicillin allergic patient? | clindamycin ***erythromycin can also be an answer |
| Acycolvir used to treat what? | Herpes simplex |
| Advantage that tetracyclines have over penicillins is that they... | have a wider range of antibacterial activity --BROAD SPECTRUM |
| Which of the following has the broadest antimicrobial spectrum? a. vancomycin b. clindamycin c. erythromycin d. chlorotetracycline e. a third gen cephlosporin | chlorotetracycline |
| Sulfanomides & Trimethoprim are synergistic bacteriostatic agents bc they both... | interfere sequentially with folic acid production |
| Most effective against fungal infections of the mucous membrane? | Nystatin |
| most desirable property of antibiotic when used to treat odontogenic infection is? | ability to achieve and maintain adequate concentrations at the site of infection |
| Which drug chelates with calcium? | Tetracycline |
| Which is NOT a characteristic of tetracycline? | NOT effective substitute for penicillin pre-med against infective endocarditis |
| Concurrent admin of PenG and probenecid results in? | decreased renal excretion of PenG ***probenicid always has something to do w/renal excretion |
| interaction between penicillin and probenicid is best described by? | alteration in rate of renal clearance |
| when broad spec antibiotics are administered with COUMARIN anticoagulants, the coumarin action may be... | INCREASED bc of reduction in vitK sources |
| therapeutic effectiveness of which drug will be most affected by ingestion of antacids? | tetracycline |
| erythromycin should be avoided in the patient taking a. aspirin b. seldane c. benadryl d. ibuprofen e. propranolol | SELDANE ***potentially lethal interaction. seldane will stay unmetabolized and cause cardiac arrthymias ***decreases the metabolism of digoxin as well |
| Quinidine is primarily used to treat... | supraventricular tachyarrhthmias |
| Quinidine is used to treat... | atrial fibrillation ***same as other question but just gave you a different type of arrythmia |
| Verapamil is most effecacious in tx of ... | atrial fibrillation |
| Most useful drug in treatment of prevention of angina pectoris? | Propranolol |
| each of the following drugs can be used in prevention of tx of angina pectoris EXCEPT... a. digitalis b. propanolol c. nitroglycerin d. isosorbidide dinitrate | a. digitalis |
| all of the following drugs are useful in the tx of hypertension EXCEPT a. ephedrine b. reserpine c. methyldopa d. thiazide diuretics | a. ephedrine |
| DIGITALIS is useful in tx of which condition? a. AFib b. congestive heart failure c. paroxysmal atrial tachycardia d. all of the above | ALL THE ABOVE |
| all of the following drugs are useful in tx of cardiac arrythmias EXCEPT a. digitalis b. lidocaine c. phenytoin d. procainamide e. aminophylline | e. aminophylline |
| drug of choice for initial therapy of MILD hypertension? | chlorothiazide |
| which antihypertensive reserved for SEVERE hypertension? | Guanethidine and ganglion blocking agents |
| which B-adrenergic receptor blocking agents is thought to be cardioselective? | metoprolol |
| antiarrthymic drugs, like quinodine, suppress certain cardiac arrhythmias by ... | increasing REFRACTORY PERIOD of cardiac muscle |
| most important pharmocological action of drugs that suppress cardiac arrhythimias is ... | increased refractory period of cardiac muscle |
| lidocaine produces its antiarrythmic effects by a. increasing AV conduction b. decreasing cardiac excitability c. increasing cardiac conduction velocity d increasing spontaneous pacemaker activity | b. decreasing cardiac excitability ***arythimias are defined by abnormality in rhythm of heart due to disease or injury to impulse systems |
| When digitalis is used in AFib, the therapeutic objective is to ... | DECREASE rate of A-V conduction |
| Nitroglycerine dilates the coronary arteries in angina pectoris by ... | direct action on smooth muscle in vessel walls |
| Propanolol is value in treating angina pectoris bc it... | prevents chronotropic responses to endogenous epinephrine, emotions, and exercise |
| Primary antihypertensive effect of captopril is due to accumulation of what? | Angiotensin I *** angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor ***captopril blocks angiotension conversion ***captopril also lowers BP by increasing BRADYKININ (vasodilator) |
| Which of the folllowing is NOT characteristic of thiazide diuretics? | cause HYPOGLYCEMIA this is NOT a characteristic ***thiazides cause hyperglycemia and hypokalemia ***decrease renal absorption of Na+ |
| Which of the following drugs act by inhibiting renal reabsorption of Na+? | chlorothiazide |
| digoxin exerts its positive inotropic effect by a. activation of adenylcyclase b. inhibition of phosphodiesterase c. an agonist effect of beta-receptors d. inhibition of Na, K ATPase leading to increased calcium influx e. decreasing the amount of calcium made available for excitation-contraction coupling | D. inhibits Na/K ATPase leading to increased calcium influx |
| digitoxin is effective in tx of cardiac failure because it | has a positive cardiac inotropic action ***congestive heart failure ***shuts off Na/K pump leading to increased ca2+ |
| primary action of therapeutic dose of digitalis on cardiac muscle is an increase in what? | FORCE OF CONTRACTION ***decrease AV signaling but also increased force of contraction |
| the cardiac glycosides will increase the concentration of which ion in an active heart muscle? | Calcium ***inhibits Na/K ATPase which causes increase calcium |
| Which of the follow ions augments the concentration of which ion in active heart muscle? | Calcium |
| The tx of congestive heart failure, digitalis glycosides generally decrease all of the following except? a. edema b. urine flow c. heart size d. heart rate e. residual diastolic volume | b. urine flow ***this is thiazide diuretics |
| The mechanism of action of prazosin, an antihypertensive agent is to... | inhibit postsynaptic action of norepi on vasular smooth muscle ***selective alpha blocker |
| which of the following owes a significant amt of its antihypertensive effect to a CENTRAL ACTION? | methlydopa ***methyldopa and clonidine = central CNS control of blood pressure |
| Which drugs is thought to reduce arterial blood pressure by activating alpha receptors in the vasomotor center of medulla? | Clonidine **CNS acting **also methyldopa does this |
| Propanolol can be used in tx of hypertension because it blocks what? | release of renin and reflex tachycardia ***blocking renin release is the other mechanism of beta blockers besides blocking heart directly |
| one of the proposed mechanism of the antihypertensive effect of beta adrenergic receptor blocking agents is? | antirenin effect |
| Selective beta 1 AGONISTS will produce what effects? | INCR cardiac output |
| ototoxicity with deafness may be encountered occasionally in patients taking which of the following diuretic agents? a. osmotic b. thiazide c. mercurial d. high-cieling | HIGH CIELING ***ex Furosomide ***loop or high cieling diuretic |
| symptoms of digitalis toxicity include all of the following EXCEPT a. extrasystoles b. nausea and vomiting c. yellow-green vision d. A-V conduction block e. decreased P-R interval | decreased P-R interval |
| admin of which of the following drugs increases the likelihood of toxic response to digitalis? | chlorothiazide ***this is a diuretic which causes potassium loss or hypokalemia this results in greater penetration of digitalis into the myocardium |
| therapeutic effect of salicylates? | inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandins |
| mechanism of the antipyretic action of salicyclates results from? | inhibit PG synthesis in CNS affecting hypothalamic temperature regulation |
| antipyretic action of salicyclates is explained in part by? | cutaneous vasodilation leading to increased heat loss |
| the locus of action of aspirin's central antipyretic effect is the a. brain stem b. hypothalamus c. basal ganglia d. limbic system e. cerebram cortex | hypothalamus |
| patient who has been taking large quantities of aspirin might show increased post op bleeding because aspirin inhibits what? | synthesis of thromboxane A2 and prevents platelet aggregation |
| anti-inflammatory agents like aspirin interefere with hemostasis by | inhibit platelet aggregation |
| which of the following anti-inflammatory agents does NOT act primarily by inhibiting activity of prostaglandin synthetase? | Triamcinolone (corticosteroid) ***corticosteroids inhibit phospholipase A2 |
| a non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory agent that appears to produce fewer GI disturbance than high doses of aspirin? | ibuprofen |
| prolonged use of which of the following drugs does NOT cause a predisposition to gastric irritation and bleeding? a. phenytoin b. ibuprofen c. idomethacin d. phenylbutazone e. acetylsalicylic acid | Phenytoin |
| each of the following agents has been associated with GI irritation except? a. aspirin b. alcohol c. ibuprofen d. indomethacin e. acetaminophen | acetaminophen |
| which is not produced by excessive doses of acetylsalicylic acid? a. delirium b. tinnitus c. hypothermia d. hyperventilation e. metabolic acidosis | c. hypothermia --it only lowers your temp if you have a fever otherwise aspirin has zero effect on body temp |
| all of the following are pharmacologic and toxicologic properties of aspirin except? a. tinnitus b. analgesia c. salicyclism d. antipyresis e. suppression of immune response | suppression of immune response |
| T/F: acetylsalicyclic acid causes methemoglobinemia | false **tinnitus, analgesia, antipyresis, and anti PG synthesis |
| aspirin does not cause what? | suppression of cough reflex ***does cause occult bleeding, neausea/vomit, acid base disturbance, decreased tubular reabsorption of uric acid |
| which is not true of acetaminophen? | cross allergenic with aspirin ***DOES have analgesic and antipyretic affects, may induce methemoflobinemia at high doses, active form acetophenetidin ***its NOT a salicyclate |
| most prominent acute toxic effect associated with acetaminophen is | hepatic necrosis |
| which antiinflammatory agents does not act by inhibiting activity of cyclooxygenase? | prednisone (steroid) |
| which drug to use to lower fever in child under 12? | acetaminophen |
| which analgesic has the longest half life? | diflunisal **only take 2x per day instead of 3-4x |
| least likely characteristic of narcotic ingestion? | diarrhea **these cause constipation not diarrhea |
| morphine administered IM may produce what symptoms? | constipation, euphoria, dysphoria, mental clouding, decreased pain response |
| which drug acts to suppress cough reflex? | codeine |
| morphine binds to which site to produce analgesia? | Mu receptors in the CNS |
| morphine causes vomiting by... | stimulation of medullary chemoreceptor trigger zone |
| the decrease in ventilation cause by morphine, meperidine, and other opioids depends on | loss of sensitivity of the medullary respiratory center to carbon dioxide |
| Pathognomonic symptoms of narcotic overdose? | miosis, coma and depressed respiration ***pinpoint pupils -hallmark effect |
| barbituates and morphine depresses respiration primarly by... | rendering the respiratory center in the brain stem less sensitive to CO2 changes |
| cause of death with opioid intoxication ? | respiratory depression |
| opioid that has both agnostic and antagonistic activities? | pentazocine |
| A heroin-dependent patient should NOT be given nalbuphine (Nubain) for pain because a. It has no analgesic properties b. It may produce respiratory depression c. As a mixed agonist-antagonist, it can elicit withdrawal symptoms d. The high abuse potential of nalbuphine may add to the patient's problems | c. mixed agonist/antagonist |
| patient sober from narcotics for 6 months, which analgesic should be avoided? | pentazcine |
| antagonist of choice for opioid overdose? | naloxone |
| methadone used for detox of patients dependent on morphine because? | has less intense and stressful withdrawal symptoms than morphine |
| widely used in tx of opioid dependent people? | methadone |
| meperedine (demerol) is | an opioid analgesic |
| atropine and propantheline exert effects on peripheral structures by | competing with AcH for receptor sites |
| Neostigimine produces its effect by | inhibit AcH esterase activity |
| Organophosphates insecticides and nerve gases inhibit action of which enzymes? | acetylcholinesterase |
| drugs which are additive or potentiate effects of AcH include | methacholine, neostigimine, and pilocarpine |
| which drugs is best to administer after poisoning by an organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor? | pralidoxime |
| antagonizing cholinesterase? | neostigmine ***enhances and prolongs effect of AcH ***stimulate denervated skeletal muscle bc it acts directly on end plate |
| prevent laryngospasm? | succinylcholine **skeletal muscle relaxant |
| to treat xerostomia? | use neostigmine ***stimulates cholinergenic response |
| which would create dry secretions in oral cavity? | propantheline ***also atropine and scopolamine |
| most useful type of drug to induce saliva? | cholinergenic |
| control excess saliva? | atropine and methaneline |
| admin of ganglionic blocking agents will result in? | orthostatic hypotension |
| tachycardia in a patient administered with atropine or scopolamine results from a. release of adrenal catecholamines b. blockade of vagus nerve activity c. blockade of the nicotinic cholinergic receptor d. stimulation of the alpha adrenergic receptor e. stimulation of the beta adrenergic receptor | b. block of vagus nerve activity |
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