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Roots	The first organ which develop during germination.
Root-cap	A protective tissue that covers the root apical meristem.
Acrogens	The apex of the root stops growing, causing a secondary growth.
Adventitious roots.	Arise from a non-root organ.
Taproot.	When the root system consists of a primary root with secondary branches.
Fibrous roots.	Mainly in monocots, the main functions are performed by adventitious roots that grow from the base of the stem.
Tuberous roots.	Roots that are thickened to store or reserve substances. They could be simple or branched.
Lamellar or tubular roots.	These are formed in hemiepiphytic plants.
Pneumatophores.	This roots have a parenchyma with intercellular spaces (aerenchyma).
Haustoria.	Elongated structures that grow from the stems or roots of parasitic plants or hemi-parasitic and penetrate the stem of the host plant.
Mycorrhizae.	Symbiotic associations from a non-pathogenic or low pathogenic fungus and living cells of epidermis and cortex of the root.
Coralloid roots.	Symbiotic associations between blue-green algae and roots of cycads.
Bacterial Nodules.	These are swellings that occur in roots of certain species of plants, especially the legumes family with Rhizobium spp. bacteria, which fix atmospheric nitrogen.
Stems.	Presents nodes, internodes, buds or meristems, leaves and chlorophyll in its herbaceous state. It could be specialized in vegetative reproduction forming stolons, rhizomes and tubers.
Cladode.	Planed or green stems, fleshy or not and with rudimentary lamellar sheets. Photosynthesis takes place in the stems
Culm.	Tubular articulated stem present in grasses. Generally they are herbaceous and can become woody like in bamboo.
Stolon.	Stalks growing horizontal and crawling on the ground surface. They do not grow underground, unlike rhizomes. They have elongated internodes , and can produce adventitious roots and erect stems.
Rhizome.	Elongated or cylindrical stems, thin or thickened for food storage, of horizontal growing beneath the soil surface.
Tuber.	Short and fleshy stalk to store nutrients and vegetative reproduction. Rounded, elliptical, oblong-elongate.
Bulb.	Underground stems of flattened shape. From the lower face, adventitious roots are formed, and on the upper face, scaly and fleshy leaves are present to store nutrients.
Flaky.	These bulbs are protected by modified, fleshy and scaly pods, overlapping each other like tiles.
Reticulate.	These are covered by dry and membranous leaves with protruding ribs.
Corm.	Short, solid, discoid appearance, then thickened and dilated stalks rounded or ovoid shape and wrapped by modified thin, membranous or papery leaves.
Cauline spine.	Born in the axil of the leaf, black locust.
Foliar spine.	They come from the whole leaf or parts thereof.
Radical spine.	They are formed when the growth of the stem ends in a hardened tip.
Leaves.	Vegetative organs where nutrients for the entire plant are synthesized.
Stipules.	Laminar appendices presented in number of two, one on each side of the base of the petiole.
Pod.	Basal parts of the leaves which embrace totally or partially the axis where it is inserted. It can be open or closed. Found in grasses, umbelliferous, sedges and others.
Ligule.	Membranous appendixes present in some grasses and monocots and some dicots having pods. Protects the axillary bud.
Ocrea.	These are two axillary membranous stipules, fused on both edges surrounding the stem and protecting the stem tip. Poligonaceae.
Ascidians.	Modified leaves whose edges are fused and take the form of a hollow vessel.
Succulent leaves.	Typical of Crassulaceae: shells.
Paripinnate.	When the rachis ends in two leaflets.
Imparipinnate.	When the rachis has a single terminal leaflet.
Trifoliate.	The number of leaflets is 3.
Palmate leaf.	Leaf rachis is not present. So that all the leaflets are inserted into the apex of the petiole as in marijuana.
Bipinnate.	The leaflets are inserted into rachis branches called secondary rachis.
Multipinnate.	Leaves which limbo is divided into three or more times, laminated or filaments.
Flowers.	It is a set of modified leaves and adapted for reproduction.
Unisexual.	Flower with either staminate (male) or pistillate (female) structures.
Bisexual.	Flower with staminate and pistillate structures.
Monoecious.	A plant with separate (unisexual) staminate and pistillate flowers.
Dioecious.	Species with separate staminate-flowered plants and pistillate-flowered plants.
Polygamomonoecious.	An individual plant with bisexual flowers plus unisexual flowers.
Inflorescence.	It is a system of modified branches from which, flowers are originated.
Fruit.	The ovary is developed to facilitate the dispersal of seeds.
Pericarp.	Ovary wall plus accessory structures.
Seed.	It is the fertilized egg with a latent embryo.
Floral Formula.	-Simetry (* / I ) -Sex (♂, ♀, ) -Calyx: sepals (K) -Corolla: petals (C) -Perigonium: tepals (P) -Androecium: stamens (A) -Gynoecium: ovary (G) superior or inferior

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	Created by Isaac Mares R over 8 years ago