6687343
Description
Flashcards by Laura McDaniel, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Laura McDaniel
about 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Group Dynamics | The influential actions, processes, and changes that occur within and between groups; also, the scientific study of those processes |
| Group | Two or more individuals who are connected by and within by social relationships |
| Membership | The state of belonging to, or being included in, a social group; also, the collective body of all members of a group |
| Social network | A set of interpersonally interconnected individuals or groups |
| Online group (or e-group) | Two or more individuals who interact with each other solely or primarily through computer-based information technologies rather than face-to-face interactions |
| Offline group | Two or more individuals whose interaction with each other occur primarily or solely in conventional, face-to-face situations and not via computer-based technology |
| Task interaction | The conjointly adjusted actions of group members that pertain to the group's projects, tasks, and goals |
| Relationship interaction (socioemotional interaction) | The conjointly adjusted actions of group members that relate to or influence the nature and strength of the emotional and interpersonal bonds within the group, including both sustaining (social support, consideration) and undermining actions (criticism, conflict) |
| Interdependence | Mutual dependence, as when one's outcomes, actions, thoughts, feelings, and experiences are influenced, to some degree, by other people |
| Group structure | The persistent and interrelated features of a group, such as roles and norms, that influence the functioning of the group as a whole and create regularities in the interactions of its members |
| Role | A socially shared set of behaviors, characteristics, and responsibilities expected of people who occupy a particular position or type of position within a group; by enacting roles, individuals establish regular patterns of exchange with one another that increase predictability and social coordination |
| Norm | A consensual and often implicit standard that describes what behaviors should and should not performed in a given context |
| Group cohesion | The solidarity or unity of a group resulting from the development of strong and mutual interpersonal bonds among members and group-level forces that unify the group, such as shared commitment to group goals and esprit de corps |
| Esprit de corps | A common spirit of comradeship, enthusiasm, and devotion to a cause among the members of a group |
| Primary group | A small, long-term group characterized by frequent interaction, solidarity, and high levels of interdependence among members that substantially influences the attitudes, values, and social outcomes of its members |
| Social group | A relatively small number of individuals who interact with one another over an extended period of time, such as work groups, clubs, and congregations |
| Collective | A relatively large aggregation or group of individuals who display similarities in actions and outlook. Examples: a street crowd, a line of people (queue), panicked group escaping a fire; or more widely dispersed groups, e.g. listeners who respond similarly to a public service announcement. |
| Social category | A perceptual grouping of people who are assumed to be similar to one another in some ways but different in some ways from individuals who are not members of that grouping |
| Social identity | An individual's sense of self derived from relationships and memberships in groups; also, those aspects of the self that are assumed to be common to most or all of the members of the same group or social category |
| Entitativity | The apparent cohesiveness or unity of an assemblage of individuals; the quality of being a single entity rather than a set of independent, unrelated individuals (coined in Campbell, 1958) |
| Thomas Theorem | The theoretical premise, put forward by W.I. Thomas, which maintains that people's understanding of a social situation, even if incorrect, will determine their reactions in the situation; "If men define situations as real, they are real in their consequences" (Thomas & Thomas, 1928) |
| Stereotype | A socially shared set of qualities, characteristics, and behavioral expectations ascribed to a particular group or category of people |
| Essentialism | The belief that all things, including individuals and groups, have a basic nature that makes them what they are and distinguishes them from other things; a thing's essence is usually inferred rather than directly observed and is generally assumed to be relatively unchanging |
| Paradigm | Scientists' shared assumptions about the phenomena they study; also, a set of research procedures |
| Level of analysis | The focus of study when examining a multilevel process or phenomenon, such as the micro-level (individuals in a group), the meso-level (the group), or the macro-level (the organization or society where the group is located) |
| Group fallacy | Explaining social phenomena in terms of the group as a whole instead of basing the explanation on the individual-level processes within the group; ascribing psychological qualities, such as will, intentionality, and mind, to a group rather than to the individuals within that group |
| Group mind (or collective consciousness) | A hypothetical unifying mental force linking group members together; the fusion of individual consciousness or mind into a transcendent consciousness |
| B = f(P,E) | The law of interactionism that states each person's behavior (B) is a function of his or her personal qualities (P), the social environment E, and the interaction of these personal qualities with factors present in the social setting (proposed by Kurt Lewin) |
| Group development | Patterns of change in a group's structure and interactions that occur over the course of the group's existence |
| Multilevel perspective | The view that recognizes that a complete explanation of group processes and phenomena requires multiple levels of analysis, including individual (micro), group (meso), and organizational or societal (macro) level |
| Action research | Scientific inquiry that both expands basic theoretical knowledge and identifies solutions to significant social problems |
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