1008457
Description
Flashcards by tarrynjnnz, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by tarrynjnnz
over 10 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Peake and Fleure | Intelligence hypothesis. Smart people see the advantages of agriculture. |
| V. G. Childe | Oasis theory. |
| What is the oasis theory? | Dry conditions at end of pleistocene forced people to move to river valleys where heaps of plants and animals were and therefore had heaps of potential domesticates. (Symbiotic relationship) |
| Braidwood and Flanks | Settling in theory ( movement to areas rich in wild grasses led to experimentation) |
| Cohen | Saturated world - the hunter-gatherers saturated all areas and exhausted all possible strategies for increased food supply. |
| Kennedy and Watson | Woman have extensive knowledge of botany and therefore manipulate the plants which results to domestication |
| Rindos | Co evolution since plants use humans as a dispersal mechanism and therefore the ones more inclined to attract humans get re-established |
| Name 3 obstacles to domestication | Diet not easily supplied by humans Slow growth rate and long gestation Nasty disposition Reluctance to breed in captivity Anxious in enclosed space when predators present |
| Near East consists out of which countries? | Turkey, Lebanon, Israel and Palenstine |
| Shanidar cave | Kurdistan, Iraq |
| Which period is associated with the earliest agriculture? | Neolithic |
| What happened at the Ohalo site and where is it found? | Israel: Lots of vegetal preservation (shows broad use of grains) and brushhuts are preserved. |
| Where is Jericho found? | In the Levant |
| What occurred in Catalhoyuk and where was it found? | Syria - round to rectangular houses Lots of ritual paraphenalia = new social control mechanisms Trade and exchange i.e. obsidian Pottery production |
| Kebaran | Archaeological culture consisting out of many hunter-gatherer individuals in Mesopotamia |
| Natufian Where was it found and what was found? | Wadi Hammeh near Jordan Valley Semi-subterrean houses with storage pits and pavements Also tool kits with grinding stones and the sickle blades which show use of wild grains |
| What do sickle blades suggest? | Use and cultivation of wild grains |
| Younger dryas | An episode of global cooling approx. 12.8ka Couldve triggered people to start farming |
| PPNA | Several species of animals killed although they were not domesticated (no morphological alterations) and circular houses present |
| PPNB | Bigger sites found with rectangular houses Wild gazelle hunting replaced by domesticated sheep Long distance trade evident - shells from the red sea and obsidian from Anatolia |
| Ain Ghazal | Jordan Plastered sculptures buried in a pit which suggests link to human burials. Human upper skull removed |
| Where is Catalhoyuk? And what is it known for? | Central Anatolia Murals of cattle |
| How is heard management shown in Ganji Daren, Iran? | Juveniles killed for meat Older females kept for breeding Decline in males - shows domestication |
| Fertile Crescent | Fertile land rich in flora and fauna which provided ancestors with many domesticates |
| What did the Natufian hunter-gathers do? | Made use of the rich resources which resulted in population growth and reduced mobility. |
| What evidence is seen by PPNB? | lots of evidence of small villages with enhanced ritual and long distance trade |
| What were the three sisters and which was domesticated first? | Beans, Maize and Squash Squash domesticated first |
| Name some other native american domesticates | Chilli, tobacco, cocoa, potato etc. |
| Where were the three sisters domesticated? | Mesoamerica |
| What was domesticated in South America? | Root crops like potato, sweet potato and manioc |
| What did maize develop from? | Wild teosinte |
| American domesticated animals incl. | Ilama, Alpaca and Guinea pig Dogs, turkey and duck |
| Who investigated Tehuacan Valley? | McNeish |
| What is found at Tehuacan Valley? | Central Mexican Highlands Hunter gatherers hunted extinct horses and antelope and smaller game like rabbits, turtles and birds etc. |
| Where is the bean and squash ancestor found? | Tehuacan Valley |
| Name three plant spp. that were domesticated at Tehuacan valley? | Avocado, chilli and squash |
| What are the three changes following bean domestication? | Seed permeability, morphological change - non- shattering pod and perrenial to annual growth patterns. |
| Who suggested the model of orgin of agriculture? | Flannery |
| Which site did Flannery work at? | Guila Naquitz - dry highland cave |
| Where is the earliest development of ritual thought to be? And what is the ritual? | Gheo Shih - its a dance ground |
| Where did cannabilism occur and what was added to the dead bodies? | Coxactlan Cave Tehuacan Valley Wild crops were harvested and added to the dead bodies in the burial |
| What is found at San Jose Mogote | A ritual mens house |
| Where did the most complex agricultural development occurred? Near East or New World? | Near East |
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