101663
Description
Flashcards by laurenfaulkner7, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by laurenfaulkner7
over 12 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Memory | encoding, storage, retrieval, explained in different ways by different theories |
| Forgetting | not remembering, which has more than one explanation |
| Storage | how information is retained in the brain ready for retrieval |
| Retrieval | getting stored information out of the memory |
| Repeated Measures | same participants are used in both conditions (different tests) |
| Independent Measures | different participant used in each condition |
| Matched Pairs | different, but similar participants are used in each condition. Effort is made to match participants on important characteristics which may effect performance |
| Experimental Hypothesis | is a statement of what is expected (is the alternative hypothesis) |
| Null Hypothesis | any difference or relationship expected is due to chance - there is no relationship or difference as predicted. Tested using statistics |
| Directional Hypothesis (One-tailed) | direction is predicted |
| Non-directional (Two-tailed) | no direction predicted |
| Independent Variable | is changed or manipulated by the researcher. This is to see the effect on the dependent variable |
| Dependent Variable | is measured by the researcher. It changes as a result of the independent variable |
| Participant Variables | age, gender, experience and mood of the participants |
| Situational Variables | temperature, noise, interruptions, light |
| Extraneous Variables | variables which might affect the results e.g. situational, participant |
| Experimenter Effects | come from cues or signals from an experimenter that can affect the participant's response |
| Double-blind technique | the participants are not aware which group they are in or what the study is about. Neither the person running the study or the participant know precisely what is expected |
| Single-blind technique | the participants are not aware of what is expected but the person carrying out the study is |
| Ecological Validity | whether it has real life applications |
| Capacity | the size of the store |
| Duration | how long the information remains in the store |
| mode of representation | the form in which the information is stored |
| Encoding | how memories are encoded, which means how they are registered as memories |
| Storage | how memories are stored, which means how they remain as memories after they have been registered |
| Retrieval | how we retrieve memories when the output is needed |
| Confabulation | means making up bits to fill in a memory so that it makes sense |
| Rationalisation | means making something make sense |
| Memory Trace | information is laid down and retained in a store as a result of the original perception of an event |
| Retrieval Cue | information present in the individuals cognitive environment at the time of retrieval that matches the environment at the time of recall |
| Context Dependent | the situation or context is different from that at encoding |
| State Dependent | the person's state or mood is different from that at encoding |
| Latency Period | time between signal and recall |
| Measures of central tendency | mode, median and mean |
| Mean | Average - adding up and dividing by amount |
| Mode | usual score |
| Mean | middle score |
| Range | measure of dispersion |
| Nominal Data | which are data in categories |
| Ordinal Data | which are data in ranks (Mode and Median) |
| Interval/ratio data | mathematical scores and all three measures of central tendency are suitable |
| Information Processing | what the cognative approach is about, including input, processing and output, and how these work |
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