10302542
Description
Flashcards by Greg Mohnkern, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Greg Mohnkern
about 7 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| musculoskeletal | pertaining to the muscles and bones |
| muscular | pertaining to muscles |
| skeletal system | consists of the bones and the cartilage, ligaments and tendons that are associated with bones |
| Functions of the Musculoskeletal System | * providing form & shape * protection of soft body parts * movement * blood cell formation *storage of fats and minerals *bones provide support structure for attachment of muscles |
| bone marrow | The side of blood cell production. It is a soft tissue that fills the cavities of bones. *red bone marrow - the site of most blood cell production *yellow bone marrow - produces fat, cartilage and bone |
| joint | the junction where two bones meet |
| ligaments | connective tissue that connects: bone to bone or cartilage to bone |
| cartilage | a rubber-like padding that covers and protects the ends of long bones at joints and is a structural component of the rib cage, ear, nose and intervertebral disks |
| os | bone |
| ossa | bones |
| osseous | pertaining to bone |
| osteogenesis | the formation (generation) of bone; the process of creating new bone matrix |
| diaphysis | the shaft of a long bone; consists primarily of compact bone with bone marrow in the medullary cavity |
| epiphysis | the end part of a long bone; consists primarily of spongy bone that is covered by compact bone |
| periosteum | a tough fibrous membrane that covers the surface of bones (except at the joints) and serves as an attachment for muscle and tendons |
| medullary cavity | an open canal in the center of the diaphysis |
| Types of Bone Tissue | * periosteum *compact (cortical) bone *spongy (cancellous) bone *red bone marrow *yellow bone marrow |
| Classification of Bones (r/t shape) | long bones - as in the arms, legs short bones - as in the wrist and foot flat bones - as in the skull irregular bones - such as the vertebrae |
| Classification of bones (r/t density) | compact (cortical) bone or spongy (cancellous) bone |
| Names of Projections and Depression found in bones | foramen - a opening for nerves and vessels fissure - a slit-type opening fossa - depression on the surface head - the smooth ball-shaped end sinus - a hollow cavity within a bone |
| axial skeleton | axial means "relating to a straight line" The axial skeleton consists of the bones that go in a straight line from the skull to the sacrum. (i.e. - skull, spinal column, ribs/sternum and sacrum) |
| appendicular skeleton | appendicular refers to limbs or things that attach The appendicular skeleton consists of all the appendages (attachments) to the axial skeleton. (i.e. - shoulders, arms, bones of the pelvis and legs) |
| cranium | skull |
| cranial | pertaining to the skull |
| vertebral column | consists of the 26 vertebrae 7 cervcal 12 thoracic 5 lumbar 1 sacrum (5 bones that fuse together) 1 coccyx (four bones that fuse together) |
| vertebral | pertaining to the vertebrae |
| spinal | pertaining to the spine |
| thoracic cage | consists of the thoracic vertebrae, the ribs and the sternum |
| thoracic | pertaining to the chest |
| thorax | chest |
| xiphoid process | the small, lowermost part of the sternum |
| costal | pertaining to the ribs |
| subcostal | pertaining to below the ribs |
| retrosternal | pertaining to behind the sternum |
| sternal | pertaining to the sternum |
| intercostal | pertaining to between the ribs |
| sternocostal | pertaining to the sternum and the ribs |
| vetebrocostal | pertaining to the vertebrae and the ribs |
| herniated disk | a tear formed in the intervertebral disc, allowing the soft central portion to bulge out, resulting in pressure on the spinal nerves and pain |
| shoulder or pectoral girdle | the clavicle and the scapula as one unit |
| clavicle | collarbone |
| scapula | shoulder blade |
| Upper Extremity Bones | humerus - upper arm ulna - forearm, pinky side radius - forearm, thumb side carpals - bones of the wrist metacarpals - bones of the palm phalanges - bones of the fingers |
| phalanges (pl.) | each individual bone of the fingers or toes phalanx (sg.) |
| The Pelvic Girdle | the bones of the pelvis: ilium pubis ischium |
| The Lower Extremity | femur - thigh bone patella - knee cap tibia - large, medial lower leg bone fibula - lateral lower leg bone tarsals - ankle bones (7 bones) metatarsals - between the tarsus & toes phalanges - bones of the toes |
| tarsus | ankle |
| calcaneus | heel bone (the largest of the tarsals) |
| plantar | pertaining to the sole of the foot |
| connective tissue | any tissue that supports, binds or separates other body tissue and parts; includes bones, cartilage, ligaments and tendons |
| Types of Joints | 1) fibrous joints- immovable (skull bones) 2) synovial joints - freely moveable (hip, elbows, wrist) 3) cartilaginous joints - connected by cartilage; less flexible than synovial (pubis symphis) |
| tendons | bands of strong fibrous tissue that connect muscles to bones |
| chondral | pertaining to cartilage |
| chondorcostal | pertaining to the ribs and their associated cartilage tissue |
| bursa | a fluid-filled sac or saclike cavity, especially one countering friction at a joint |
| bursitis | inflammation of the bursa |
| radiopaque | inhibits the passage of x-rays (i.e. - bone); appears white or light on the radiograph (x-ray) |
| radiolucent | allows the passage of x-rays (i.e. - body tissues) |
| fracture | a break in the bone |
| dislocation | the displacement of a bone from a joint |
| Types of Fractures (complete vs incomplete fracture) | complete fracture - the break crosses the entire width of the bone incomplete - the fracture doesn't go thru the entire width of the bone bone |
| Types of Fractures (open vs closed fracture) | open/compound fracture - the bone protrudes through the skin closed/simple fracture - the bone may damage the surrounding tissue, but it does not break through the skin |
| Types of Fractures (by presentation/style of fracture) | 1. impacted - one section of bone driven into another section 2. comminuted - broken into small fragments 3. spiral - the bone is twisted causing a spiral shape 4. stress - caused be repetitive low-impact |
| pathologic fracture | a fracture caused by a disease process |
| arthralgia | joint pain |
| callus | thickened, hardened area of skin that is subject to repeat friction |
| chondromalacia | abnormal softening of cartilage |
| crepitus or crepitation | a grating, crackling or popping sound under the skin; can be caused by bones rubbing or air trapped under the skin |
| decalcification | loss of calcium in the bones |
| ostealgia or osteodynia | bone pain |
| osteomalacia | softening of the bone; known as "rickets" in children who suffer from insufficient calcium |
| osteopathy | any disease of bone |
| osteoporosis | disease process that causes the bone to become porous |
| osteopenia | a condition of decreased bone density; if not corrected it can lead to osteoporosis |
| osteosclerosis | excessive hardening of the bone which leads to unusual heaviness of the bones |
| Curvatures of the spine | 1) lordosis - abnormal inward curvature of the lumbar spine 2) kyphosis (hunchback) - abnormal outward curvature of thoracic spine 3) scoliosis - abnormal lateral curvature of the spine |
| myelitis | inflammation of the bone or spinal cord |
| spinal stenosis | narrowing of the spinal canal leading to pressure on the spinal cord and nerves (stenosis = narrowing) |
| spondylosis | Refers to any degenerative disease of the spine spondyl/o = spine -osis = condition |
| osteoarthritis | arthritis resulting in degeneration of the bones and joints |
| sprain | damage to the ligaments surrounding of a joint d/t overstretching |
| strain | damage to tendons or muscles d/t overstretching of the muscle |
| subluxation | any incomplete dislocation; most commonly used by chiropractors in reference to spinal subluxation |
| amputation | partial or complete removal of a limb |
| arthroscope | instrument used to view inside a joint |
| arthroscopy | the process of viewing inside a joint |
| arthrocentesis | the puncture of a joint with a needle to obtain samples or remove excess fluid |
| chiropractor | healthcare professional concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of malalignment of the spine and musculoskeletal system |
| orthopedist | one who specialized in orthopedics |
| orthpedics | branch of medicine specializing in diagnosis and treatment of conditions of the musculoskeletal system |
| orthotic | pertaining to an orthopedic appliance such as braces and splints |
| podiatry | a healthcare professional specializing in diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the feet and lower legs |
| prosthetic | artificial body part; a device used to substitute for a body part |
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