10452512
Description
Flashcards by Amanda Burton, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Amanda Burton
about 7 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What are the four main functions of water? | 1.transportation of substance to and from the cell. 2. perspiration 3. maintenance of hydrogen balance 4. enzymatic action of digestion |
| Who are more quickly are seriously affected by minor changes in their fluid balance and can become dehydrated? | Infant and Elderly |
| Water is critical to maintaining what | homeostasis |
| These are minerals or salts that are dissolved in body fluid? | Electrolytes |
| A positive electrical charge is termed | Cation |
| A negative electrical charge is termed | Anions |
| The intermediate products of metabolism- amino acids, glucose, and fatty acids that do not dissolve are | Nonelectrolytes |
| Red blood cells are termed | Erythrocytes |
| White blood cells are termed | Leukocytes |
| Thrombocytes are termed | Platelets |
| Any condition that alters body fluid volume also alters the plasma volume of the blood and can affect what | Blood pressure and circulation |
| This is body fluid that is within the cell and is high in potassium (K+) | Intracellular |
| This is body fluid that is outside of the cell consisting of 3 different types and is high in sodium (Na+) | Extracellular |
| What are the 3 types of ECF (extracellular fluid) | Intravascular, interstital, transcellular |
| This body fluid transports water, nutrients, oxygen, waste to and from the cells and is high in (Na+) content. | Extracellular |
| This body fluid that is within the blood vessel consists of plasma and fluid within blood cells, also contains large amounts of protein and electrolytes. | Intravascular |
| This is body fluid that is in the spaces surrounding the cells and is high in (Na+) | Interstitial |
| This is fluid contained within the cell walls, most cell walls are permeable to water and high in K+ | Intracellular |
| When fluid shifts from the plasma in the vascular space out to the interstitial space , blood volume drops and what may occur | Dehydration and Hypovolemia |
| What is the normal range for Sodium (Na+) | 136-145 |
| Your Na+ level is < 136 what is that termed | Hyponatermia |
| Signs and Symptoms of Hypoatremia | Confusion, headache, altered level of consciousness, anxiety, coma, nausea, vomiting, muscle cramps, seizures |
| Signs and symptoms of Hypernatremia | Dry mucous membranes, loss of skin turgor, intense thirst, flushed skin, elevated temp, weakness, irritability |
| What is the normal range for K+ | 3.5-5.0 |
| Your level of Na+ is >145 | Hypernatremia |
| Your K+ level is < 3.5 | Hypokalemia |
| Your K+ is >5.0 | Hyperkalemia |
| Signs and Symptoms of Hypokalemia | Abdominal pain, cardiac arrhythmias, muscle weakness, decreased reflexes, paralysis, urinary retention, confusion, ECG changes, and increased urinary PH |
| Signs and symptoms of Hyperkalemia | Muscle weakness, hypotension, paresthesias, paralysis, arrhythmias, ECG changes |
| What are the normal ranges for Calcium (Ca2+) | 9-10.5 |
| Your level of (Ca2+) is < 8.4 | Hypocalcemia |
| Your level of (Ca2+) is >10.6 | Hypercalcemia |
| Signs and symptoms of Hypocalcemia | Tetany, shift of calcium into the bone, muscle spasms, seizures |
| Signs and symptoms of Hypercalcemia | Confusion, abdominal pain, consitpation, polyuria, cardiac arrest |
| What are the normal ranges for Magnesium (Mg2+) | 1.3-2.1 |
| What is a function of magnesium | Necessary for building bones and teeth, nerve transmission and involved in muscle contraction. |
| What is a function of Calcium (Ca2+) | Involved in formation of bone and teeth, necessary for blood coagulation. Essential for normal nerve and muscle activity |
| What is a function of Potassium (K+) | Major intracellular cation, nerve transmission and muscle contraction, helps maintain normal hear rhythm, maintains plasma acid-base balance |
| What is a function of Sodium (na+) | Major cation of extracellular fluid, major role in regulation of water balance, regulates through osmotic pressure, important in controlling contractility of the heart. |
| What is a normal range of Phosphate (PO43-) | 2.7-4.5 |
| What is a normal range for Chloride (Cl-) | 96-106 |
| What is a function of Phosphate (PO34-) | Necessary for formation of ATP, co-factor in carbohydrate, protein, and lipid metabolism. Activates B complex vitamins |
| What is a function of Chloride (Cl-) | Helps maintain acid-balance, important in formation of hydrochloric acid for secretion to the stomach |
| What is a normal range for Bicarbonate (HCO3-) | 22-26 |
| A function of Bicarbonate (HCO3-) | A buffer that neutralizes excess acids in the body, helps regulate acid-base balance. |
| What is a NANDA for Dehydration | Fluid volume deficit |
| What is the main organ through which fluid excertion is achieved | Kidney |
| Urine output is affected by several hormones | ADH, aldosterone and ANP |
| What is the main hormone excreted from the brain that controls holding onto water | ADH |
| This is the process by which substances move back and forth across membranes until they are evenly ditributed | Diffusion |
| With diffussion the substances move from ______ to _____ concentration until the concentration on both sides of the membrane is equal. | High to Low |
| This refers to the movement of pure solvent across membrane and water diffuses by this | Osmosis |
| With osmosis water moves from the area of what concentration to the area of what concentration until the solutions in the compartments are equal concentration. | less solute to greater |
| When living cells are surrounded by a solution that has the same concentration of particles the ICF and ECF will be equal. Termed what | Isotonic |
| What happens to the cell if it is isotonic | The cell will stay the same |
| The solution in relation to the cells, are surrounded by solution that has less solutes than the cells so the solution Exits the cell to the extracellular fluid | Hypertonic |
| The particles within the cells exert an osmotic pressure, drawing water inward through the semi-permeable membrane and causing the cells to swell and could burst. | Hypotonic |
| The pumping action of the heart creates what within the capillaries. | Hydrostatic pressure |
| What is another term for hypotonic | cellular edema |
| The healthy kidney regulates fluid and elecrolyte balance by regulating the what | volume and composition of ECF |
| What follows water within the body | Sodium |
| #1 nursing intervention | Safety |
| SIgns and Symptoms of Dehydration | Confusion, Dark, concentrated urine, decreased blood pressure, decreased urine production, Dry mucous membranes, elevated temp, increased pulse rate, poor skin turgor, elevated specific gravity of urine. |
| What hormone will be excreted if your patient has signs of dehydration? | ADH |
| What are the signs of excess fluid volume | wt gain, crackles (rales), slow bounding pulse, elevated blood pressure, edema |
| A deficit of sodium in the blood is called | hyponatremia |
| Your doing patient teaching and you know your pt has a low K+ level what types of foods should they add to their diet? | Bananas, Avocados, Cantaloupe, Potatoes, fish, oranges |
| The normal range of serum Ph scale | 7.35-7.45 |
| At what level could death occur at a serum pH level | 6.8-7.8 |
| 7.01 is what on the pH scale | Acidosis |
| 7.6 is what on the pH scale | alkaline |
| You have a patient whose pH 7.33 PaCo2 40 HCO3- 20 what are they | Metabolic Acidosis |
| Your pts is rapid breathing so you order an ABG pH 7.37 PaCo2 32 HCO3- 26 What are they | Normal these are all on level |
| Your pt has been vomiting for days and is experiencing tetany you order an ABG pH 7.7 PaCo3 40 HCO3 30 What are they | Metabolic alkalosis |
| Your pt is experiencing slow shallow respirations, you just gave them their opiates 30 minutes ago, you order a ABG pH 7.01 PaCo2 50 HCO3 22 What are they | Respiratory acidosis |
| Your pt is hyperventilating so you order a ABG pH 7.5 PaCo2 33 HCO3 25 What are they | Respiratory alkalosis |
| Hypokalemia is another cause of metabolic alkalosis as the kidney the retains what while excreting what | retains potassium ions excreting hydrogen ions |
| Respirations having an increased rate and depth witth panting and long grunting exhalations is termed | Kussmauls |
| An increase in hydrogen ions results in this a decrese in pH | acidosis |
| A decrease in hydrogen ions results in this a increase of pH | alkalosis |
| How many mL and hour of urine should be reported to the physician | 30 |
| How many mLs of urine should a healthy pt be putting out in 24 hours | 1000-1500 |
| Your testing your pt for edema on their ankle against a bony prominence you press and the dent disappears rapidly | 1+ edema |
| Your testing your pt for edema on their ankle against a bony prominence you press and the dent disappears slowly in about 10-15 seconds | 2+ edema |
| Your testing your pt for edema on their ankle against a bony prominence you press and the dent disappears very slow sometimes more than 1 minute | 3+ edema |
| Your testing your pt for edema on their ankle against a bony prominence you press and the dent doesnt disappear and last longer than 2-5 minutes. | 4+ edema |
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