Created by Cornel Swart
almost 7 years ago
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Question | Answer |
Branched ; Carbon Based Structure | |
Chain ; Carbon Based Structure | |
Ring ; Carbon Based Structure | |
All organisms are made up of four main types of carbon-based molecules. What are they? | Carbohydrate, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids |
What are Carbohydrate's used for? | Can be broken down to provide a source of usable chemical energy for cells |
What are monosaccharides? | Sugars are the most basic carbohydrates |
What are the three kinds of monosaccharides? | -Fructose -Glucose -Sucrose |
What are polysaccharids? | Many glucose can be linked to make polysaccharids |
What are the three kinds of polysaccharids? | -Starches: are made and stored by plants -Glycogen: is known as "Animal Starch" -Cellulose: is a building block in plant structure |
What is a lipid? | -Non-polar molecules that include fats, oils, and cholesterol -Some are broken down as source of usable energy for cells -Other lipids are part of a cell's structures -Store large amounts of chemical energy in organisms |
All lipids contain what a molecule called ________ bonded to molecules, called _____ _____. | -Glycerol -Fatty Acids |
What are triglycerides? | -Many lipids contain 3 fatty acids (hence tri) - 3x fatty acids ---> Glycerol |
What are saturated fats? | -Most animal fats are saturated fats -Most saturated fats will be solid -This means have maximum # of hydrogen atoms possible |
What are unsaturated fats? | -Fatty acids in oil (unsaturated) -Most unsaturated fats will LIQUID -Oil have fewer hydrogen atoms because at least double bond between carbon atoms |
What are all cell membranes made of? | Phospholipids |
What are waxes? | -Consists of a long fatty acid joined to a long alcohol chain -All waxes have firm consistent and repel water |
What is cholesterol? | -Lipid that has a ring structure -Your body needs certain amount to function -part of the cell membranes, body uses it to make steroid hormones |
What are proteins? |
-a polymer made of monomers of amino acids
-Organisms use twenty different amino acids to build proteins
-Your body can make twelve of the amino acids, others come from foods, meat, beans, and nut's
Image:
Peanut (binary/octet-stream)
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What are the three parts in every amino acids? | -Hydrogen atom -an amino group (NH2) -Carboxyl group (COOH) -Amino acids differ only in their side group, or the R-Group |
What is a peptide bond? | -Amino acids that form covalent bonds with each other |
What determines a protein's structure and function? | -The specific sequence of amino acids |
What is Denaturation? | -When polypeptides unwind and change shape - (Proteins and others cannot function unless they stay coiled, folded and packed into a precise way) |
What are nucleotides? | -Detailed instruction's to build proteins -Nucleic acids are polymers that are made up of monomers |
What is ATP? | -Ready energy for the body |
What do coenzyme's do? | -Move electrons and hydrogen from one reaction site to another (ex photosynthesis) -Also act as chemical messengers within and between cells |
What are nucleic acids? | -Certain nucleotides function as monomers for single and double stranded molecules |
What are nucleotides structures composed of? | -Sugar -Phosphate Group -Nitrogen containing base |
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